1 Aeschine Kamerum de Lochabor (f) - Resub Name forwarded & Resub Device forwarded

Argent, a griffin segreant contourny vert, and on a chief sable, three crescents argent.

Her previously submitted name, Aeschine Camronaich Abarach, appeared on the July 2005 ILoI, and was returned on the Dec. 2005 LoD for being two steps away from period practice: there was a gap of more than 300 years between name elements, and the name mixed Scots with Scottish Gaelic. Her previous device, Per pale ermine and counter-ermine, a butterfly chased counterchanged sable and argent, was returned at the same time for using chasing, which was disallowed in April 1982 as part of the general ban on 'thin-line heraldry'. This is a complete redesign. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the meaning 'Aeschine Cameron of Lochaber'. She requests authenticity for 12th-14th c. Scotland. 'Aeschine': Talan Gwynek's "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html ) under this header says: c.1160 = Eschina; c. 1170 (LIULF, 432). 'Kamerum': Black's The Surnames of Scotland s.n. Cameron p. 128 has (de) Kamerum, dated 1214-49. 'de Lochabyr': the submitter has chosen a Latinized version of her father's name (Seumas Camshronaich an Lochabair, An Tir Aug. 1994). As Lochaber is a district in which a number of clans reside without claiming overall sovereignity, the locative was judged not presumptious. The submitting herald hasn't found a spelling of 'Lochaber' dating to the 12th to 14th centuries, other than the Gaelic 'Lochabair'. Most texts list 'Lochaber', while 16th-17th c. references use 'Lochabyr' (Timothy Pont: Topographical Notices of Scotland circa 1610, http://www.lochiel.net/archives/arch180.html ). The documentation also mentions Jeffrey Stone: Illustrated Maps of Scotland from Blaeu's Atlas Novus of the 17th Century (London: Studio Editions Ltd. 1991), which apparently has 'Lochabyr' on a map on p. 69, and 'Lochabria' as the Latin, but no photocopies are included from this book.

Johnston's Place-Names of Scotland s.n. Lochaber dates Lochabor to 1297 and Lochabre to 1309. The submitted byname has therefore been changed from de Lochabyr to de Lochabor to match this documentation, and to bring the date for the byname closer to the rest of the name.

Commenters wondered whether a name using both "Cameron" and "of Lochaber" in a Lowland context is plausible: according to Black p. 128 s.n. Cameron, this name was used as a descriptive byname only in Highland, Gaelic contexts; in the Lowlands, it was a placename, so combining it with another locative seems odd. However, similar constructions do occur in English names, where the first locative is usually an inherited surname, while the second one is essentially an address. I don't know when inherited surnames came into use in Scotland, so I'm deferring to the greater wisdom of the CoH on this question.

The article cited for the given name presents its information in highly condensed, abbreviated form; the citation in question can be 'translated' as follows: Black p. 432 s.n. Liulf dates Aeschine to 1160, with the spelling Eschina dated a decade later, both referring to the same person.

2 Alessandra de Burgos - Resub Device returned

Azure, a spool Or between three needles bendwise sinister argent.

Her name was registered in Sep. 2004, via the East. Her original device submission, Azure, a chevron between two lilies and a castle argent, was returned by Eastern Crown on the April 2003 LoR (issued July 9, 2003), for multiple conflicts. Her resubmitted device, Azure, a castle argent within a bordure Or semy of roses gules, was returned by Laurel in Nov. 2004 for conflict. This is a complete redesign.

This is returned for a redraw: the depicted, modern form of spool does not appear to be period. (According to one website, one James Clark invented the wooden spool or bobbin in the 1700s.) The medieval form is called a "quill of yarn"; it has a spike at one or both ends and is usually shown wound with thread so that the middle is fatter than the ends. Diademe apologizes profusely for not checking on this before drawing the device, and offers her services for the redraw.

3 Annora Penrose (f) - New Name forwarded

Annora: The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names by E. G. Withycombe p. 147-48, under the heading "Honor" dates this spelling to 1187-1215, 1273, 1302, 1316. Penrose: A Dictionary of English Surnames, Revised Edition by P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson p. 345 s.n. Penrose; the dated spelling is "de Penros" (1195) but the submitter prefers the header spelling. A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames by Charles Wareing Bardsley p. 596 s.n. Penrose dates the spelling "Penrose" to 1611 and 1619.

Additional documentation: F.K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602 lists the spelling Penrose on p. liv.

4 Arnóra Leifsdóttir (f) - New Name forwarded

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound. She notes further: Please preserve the spelling of 'Arnóra', but adjust 'Leifsdóttir' if needed. Arnóra is found on p. 7, and Leifr on p. 13 of The Old Norse Name by Geirr Bassi Haraldsson. Leifr + dóttir = 'daughter of Leifr'.

5 Avelon de Lunivilla (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Purpure, a zebra rampant proper and in chief three increscents Or.

No major changes. The form says: 'See attached e-mail forwarded from the Academy of St. Gabriel for documentation of Avelon.' The email is not actually from the Academy, but from the submitter, apparently summarizing communication with the Academy. Avelon is intended as an alternative diminutive of a name found as "Aveline" and "Avelot" in the 1292 Census of Paris, based on names such as "Alison", "Alizon", "Aghesson", "Haubergon", "Marion", "Odyon", and "Eudon." There is also a cite of Morlet, Marie-Therese, Etude d'anthroponymie picarde, les noms de personne en Haute Picardie aux XIIIe, XIVe, XVe siecles (Amiens, Musee de Picardie, 1967), p. 29, but it is unclear what information is found in this source. Lunéville is documented from Muir's Historical Atlas: Medieval and Modern, Ninth Edition (R.F. Treharne and Harold Fullard, ed., Barnes & Noble Inc., no date of publication discernible from the photocopies), where it appears on a map titled "Germany about the year 962 A.D."

Lunéville is an undated header form on p. 417 of Dauzat & Rostaing; dated forms include Lienatis villa 1043, Lunaris villa 1135, and Lunivilla 1157. The submitted surname has been changed from de Lunéville to de Lunivilla in order to match this documentation. Morlet vol. I p. 48 under Awi- has Avalonia and Avelonia (no specific dates discernible); Avelon seems a plausible vernacular form of this name.

6 Avice de Haliach (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per bend azure and sable, six mullets of eight points and an oak tree eradicated argent.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the meaning. "Avice" is dated to 1275 (s.n. Lank), 1279 (s.n. Woodfull), 1296 (s.n. Hide), 1311 (s.n. Shepard), and 1327 (s.n. Austen) in Talan Gwynek's "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html ). It's also found in Karen Larsdatter's "An Index to the 1296 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Rutland, England" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/Rutland/index.htm ), and there's an "Avice la mestresse" in Colm Dubh's "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html ). "de Haliach" is found in A Dictionary of English Surnames, Revised Edition by P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson p. 236 under the header 'Holyoak', with "Gerard de Haliach" dated to 1188. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, Fourth Edition by Eilert Ekwall also has Haliach 1187, Halyok 1396.

Some corrections to the documentation supplied: Avice is found in Talan's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyAG.html), not his article on Scottish feminine names, and the header in Ekwall is Holy Oaks, p. 247.

The conjunction "and" has been added to the blazon. One commenter suggested the alternative blazon Per bend azure mullety of eight points and sable, in dexter base an oak tree eradicated argent; however, I don't know whether the number of mullets is important to the submitter, so I have not made this change. The submitted blazon should adequately represent the arrangement of the charges: the mullets are in the positions we would expect to see for six charges on one side of a bend.

7 Avice de Haliach - New Badge returned

(Fieldless) On a compass star azure, a plate charged with an oak leaf sable.

This badge violates RfS VIII.1.c.ii: "All charges should be placed either directly on the field or entirely on other charges that lie on the field." The oak leaf does not lie on the field or on a charge which lies on the field, so this has one layer too many and must be returned.

8 Brianna McBain - Appeal Household Name forwarded
Submitted Name: Clan McBain

This exact household name was returned on the East's October 2005 Letter of Decision (dated January 11, 2006) for presumption against the modern Clan McBain. The letter of permission to conflict, from the current chief of the clan, was deemed irrelevant per Laurel precedent. In this appeal, the submitter states: "The only individual (Hughston McBain) who truly has rights to the name 'clan McBain' has already granted us express permission in writing, to assume that name within the SCA. (I am a real life registered member of that clan.) There are already countless SCA households who presume such names (Clan Stewart, Clan Campbell, etc) without any justification. We have gone to the effort of securing express permission and authority to use that clan name. We should not be penalized for it. If it is deemed absolutely necessary, we will accept a modifier, 'Clan McBain of Harlaw' but even that is under protest."

As I wrote in the original return, the issue here is not conflict, but presumption: will people perceive use of this name as a claim to status that has not been earned? The current clan chief can give all the permissions he wants, but he cannot change the perceptions of large groups of people. Presumption depends to great degree on both the fame and status of the name in question: if there was, say, a count named X Y in period, but nobody's ever heard of him, then using the name X Y is not necessarily presumptuous; but if X Y was a king -- no matter how little-known -- then calling yourself X Y is seen as a claim to royalty. Laurel precedent has deemed all Scottish clans to be important enough for the use of their names to be presumptuous. As commenters noted, neither "Clan Stewart" nor "Clan Campbell" are registered in the SCA, and in all likelihood, they couldn't be.

Adding a locative or other modifier that's unrelated to the real-life clan can clear the appearance of presumption. "Harlaw" should work: neither Ian Grimble's Scottish Clans and Tartans nor Robert Bain's The Clans and Tartans of Scotland mentions a McBain of Harlaw. (Bain p. 148 says there was a battle at Harlaw in 1411 in which the MacBains took part, but that's a one-time thing and shouldn't affect the issue at hand.) Black p. 343 s.n. Harlaw dates the spelling Harlaw to 1528, 1604, and 1609, and de Harlawe to 1296.

Although I believe the modifier to be necessary for registration, I have not added it: there's something of a conflict of interest going on here, in that I was the person who made the decision that is being appealed. There can't be an appeal to a higher authority if the request never makes it past the lower authority.

9 Brianna McBain - New Guild Name forwarded & New Badge forwarded
Submitted Name: Saint Bavon's Company of Falconry

(Fieldless) A falcon close sustained by a sinister gloved fist fesswise argent.

A very similar name and badge appeared on the February ILoI. The submitter believed that submission to be lost, and re-submitted; she says she prefers this newer version. The documentation reads: "Saint Bavon's Company of Falconry is a chartered guild for the research and practice of falconry. Attached is a copy of our Charter signed by TRMs Darius and Roxane of the East. We are an inter-kingdom fellowship, and are currently being chartered in other kingdoms as well. Saint Bavon (also: Bavo) was born near Liege, c. 589, died near Ghent, Belgium c 654. He was a Flemish nobleman and Saint Bavon's Cathedral in Ghent was founded in the 12th century in his honor. He is commonly accepted as the patron saint of falconry (having been a falconer himself) and so is a fitting patron for our company." (A printout is attached of the Bavo page from the Patron Saints Index, at http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintb34.htm.)

The online Catholic Encyclopedia under Ghent (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06542) indicates that if nothing else, the Abbey of Saint-Bavon is certainly period, its monks having been secularized in 1536. The saint it was named for is apparently more commonly known as St. Bavo. There's probably some sort of old grammar rule that accounts for the presence or absence of the final 'n', but since I'm not even entirely sure which language we're talking about, I haven't made any changes.

"Surnames in 15th Century York" by Karen Larsdatter (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/york15/surnames-alphabetical.htm) has one instance of Faunconer, and her "Bynames Found in the 1296 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Rutland, England" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/Rutland/occupations.htm) has one instance of Facouner. One commenter noted that the members of the company are falconers, not falconry, so "Company of Facouners" or similar seems more logical. It works either way to my ear, so I'm leaving it unchanged.

Reblazoned from A gyrfalcon close, belled and jessed, upon a glove, argent.

10 Cælin of Chepstow - New Device returned

Per pale Or and azure, a tower azure and a swan proper, in base two arrows in saltire counterchanged.

This will have to be returned for lack of a valid name to attach it to. On the submission form (dated Feb. 13, 2006), his name is marked as 'previously submitted', but it was in fact returned on the November 2005 LoAR, which was printed on Feb. 10, 2006, and was promulgated to the LoAR distribution lists on or before Feb. 16, 2005. (I don't know when it showed up on the Laurel website.) However, I believe the device may be returnable anyway, because of RfS VIII.1.a. ('slot machine'). Commentary on this question would be welcome. I'm including this item for another reason, as well: I hope it will serve as an educational opportunity. Please don't delay a device submission beyond the date when your name is scheduled to be decided. Only Laurel is allowed to create holding names (AH II.A.3.), so such a delay will quite likely result in a return for lack of a valid name.

Commenters agreed that this device violates RfS VIII.1.a; the tower, swan, and arrows are all roughly the same size, so this is three or more co-primary charges of different types, commonly called "slot machine". Removing the arrows would create marshalled arms, violating RfS XI.3. The problem could possibly be solved by redrawing the device so that the arrows are smaller and clearly secondary, but this option has not been conflict-checked. A complete redesign may be preferable anyway: commenters generally agreed that this device is not especially period in style.

11 Norcastel, Shire of - New Group Name forwarded

No major changes. Castelnor (North Castle) is based on Castel (castle, fortress) and the Germanic man's name Nordo (which can be shortened to 'nor' in a placename, as in Norville), or the French adjective nord (North). The group would prefer the spelling Castelnor, but acceptable alternatives would be (in order of preference): Castelnord, Castel Nord, or Norcastel. If any other change is required, please contact the consulting herald or the group seneschal.

Originally submitted as Castelnor, Shire of, which conflicts with Castle North, Canton of (registered 12/1987 via Caid). Dauzat & Rostaing p. 501 s.n. Norville derives this from the Germanic masculine name Nordo and Latin villa. Under Castels p. 153-4, there's a category labeled "Par un nom de pers." (with a personal name); examples include Castel Rudenc 1176, based on the Germanic name Rading. Placenames using "castle" as a second element include Belcastel (D&R p. 61 s.n. Beauchastel: de Bello castro 1267) and Francastel (ibid p. 302 s.n. Francastel: Francastellum 1164, from adj. franc "free"). Based on these, Norcastel seems plausible as a constructed placename meaning either "Nordo's castle" or "northern castle".

12 Ciarán mac Cionaith (m) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Quarterly vert and argent, four cats salient counterchanged.

No major changes. Ciaran: Irish Names by Donnchadh ÓCorraín & Fidelma Maguire p. 51 lists 26 saints with this name. Cionaodh: ibid s.n. Cinaed has 'Cinaed mac Irgalaig' 724-28, 'Cinaed mac Aílpin' 860.

Mari neyn Bryan's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" under Cinaed (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cinaed.shtml) lists an Echtighern, mac Cionaith 951; the spelling of the patronymic has been changed from mac Cionath in order to match this documentation.

Re-blazoned from Quarterly vert and argent each a cat rampant, counterchanged.

13 Conrad MacAllyn - New Badge returned

Azure, a compass star within a bordure embattled argent.

His name and device were registered in June of 1996 via the East.

This badge conflicts with the Barony of Rivenstar's Azure, a riven star argent (reg. Aug. 1979 via the Middle). There is one CD for the bordure, but none for the type of star: precedent notes that "there is no difference between a compass star and a riven star" (Iamys of Loch Cairn, 01/02 R-Meridies). It also conflicts with Aliena of the High Reaches (March 2001 via the East): Azure, a compass star and a mountain of three peaks issuant from base argent, with only a single CD for type of secondary charge.

14 Constance Evyngar (f) - New Name forwarded

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about c. 1520 English language/culture. Julian Goodwyn's "English Names found in Brass Enscriptions" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/brasses/) dates Constance to 1581 in the feminine names section, and Evyngar to 1535 in the surnames section, both from Middlesex. Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyintro.html) says that Constance is dated to 1279 under 'Hoblet'. The Academy of S. Gabriel has responded to a few Constance inquiries, in report numbers 1558, 2175, 1610, 2373, and 1851 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/#, where # = the report number). These all support 'Constance', or a variation (usually 'Custance'), for the 12th through the 14th centuries. The submitter prefers the 'Constance' spelling, but she will accept 'Custance' if necessary for registration.

15 Cristoforo Donatello dei Visconti - Resub Device returned

Purpure, a bee Or striped sable and in chief three plates.

His name was registered in Feb. 2005, via the East. His previous device submission, Purpure, a plate between in pall three bees heads to center Or and in pall inverted three needles points to center argent, appeared on the October 2005 ILoI and was returned in a January 2006 LoD, for violating RfS VIII.1.a. by having three or more types of charge in a single charge group. This is a complete redesign.

Unfortunately, this lovely device conflicts with Áine Ruadh inghean Chillín (Feb. 2002 via Lochac): Purpure, a bee Or and in chief three mullets argent, with only a single CD for the plates vs. the mullets. The submitter may be interested in the slightly re-arranged Purpure, a bee Or between three plates, which appears to be clear of conflict. (The device has been re-blazoned from Purpure a bee Or and in chief three pearls.)

16 Deredere Cambroun de Lochabor (f) - Resub Name forwarded & Resub Device forwarded

Per chevron argent and azure, two dragonflies sable and a natural seahorse argent.

Her previously submitted name, Deredere Camsroin Abarach, and identical device appeared on the July 2005 ILoI. Her name was returned on the Dec. 2005 LoD for being two steps away from period practice: there was a gap of more than 300 years between name elements, and the name combined Scots and Scottish Gaelic. The device was returned at the same time for a subsequent lack of valid name to attach it to. The LoD noted that the device is likely clear of Erec of Ponte Alto (July 2004, Atlantia): Per chevron argent and azure, a fish haurient embowed sable, with one CD for the number of charges, and hopefully another for the change in type of primary charges, since fish vs. seahorse ought to be a CD. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the meaning "Dierdre Cameron of Lochaber", and requests authenticity for 12th-14th c. Scotland. 'Deredere' is a form of Deirdre dated to 1166 in Talan Gwynek's "A List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html ). 'Cambroun': The Surnames of Scotland by George F. Black pp. 128-9 under Cameron has (de) Cambroun dated 1296 and 1333. 'de Lochabyr': the submitter has chosen a Latinized version of her father's name (Seumas Camshronaich an Lochabair, An Tir Aug. 1994). As Lochaber is a district in which a number of clans reside without claiming overall sovereignity, the locative was judged not presumptious. The submitting herald hasn't found a spelling of 'Lochaber' dating to the 12th to 14th centuries, other than the Gaelic 'Lochabair'. Most texts list 'Lochaber', while 16th-17th c. references use 'Lochabyr' (Timothy Pont: Topographical Notices of Scotland circa 1610, http://www.lochiel.net/archives/arch180.html ). The documentation also mentions Jeffrey Stone: Illustrated Maps of Scotland from Blaeu's Atlas Novus of the 17th Century (London: Studio Editions Ltd. 1991), which apparently has 'Lochabyr' on a map on p. 69, and 'Lochabria' as the Latin, but no photocopies are included from this book.

Johnston's Place-Names of Scotland s.n. Lochaber dates Lochabor to 1297 and Lochabre to 1309. The submitted byname has therefore been changed from de Lochabyr to de Lochabor to match this documentation, and to bring the date for the byname closer to the rest of the name.

Commenters wondered whether a name using both "Cameron" and "of Lochaber" in a Lowland context is plausible: according to Black p. 128 s.n. Cameron, this name was used as a descriptive byname only in Highland, Gaelic contexts; in the Lowlands, it was a placename, so combining it with another locative seems odd. However, similar constructions do occur in English names, where the first locative is usually an inherited surname, while the second one is essentially an address. I don't know when inherited surnames came into use in Scotland, so I'm deferring to the greater wisdom of the CoH on this question.

17 Eadric Wiglafson (m) - New Name forwarded

No major changes. He cares most about language and/or culture, and requests authenticity for pre-Conquest England (1050s Saxon) time period and language/culture. The submitter would like whichever form of the name meaning "Eadric, son of Wiglaf" is most authentic to pre-conquest England. Eadric appears in Bede's A history of the English Church and People (731), cited at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/aelfwyn/bede.html. Wiglaf was the name of the king of Mercia in 831-836, cited at http://www.anglo-saxons.net. The '-son' suffix was in use during the desired period thanks to Norse influence: Beorn Estrithson, earl of the Middle Angles (d. 1049) and Rögnvaldur Brúsason, earl of Orkney (ca 1037-46) are cited in Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England, published online by the University of Cambridge, UK at http://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/pase. Then, of course, we have Harold Godwinson, last Anglo-Saxon king of England, died in 1066 (Withycombe, 3rd Ed., p. 146, under 'Harold'). The Old English version of the -son suffix appears to be 'sunu' - a chronicle of the Battle of Maldon lists a Wistan Þurstanes sunu, and the use appears in numerous citations from the College and the Academy of St. Gabriel. The submitter asks the College's assistance in documenting whether 'Eadric Wiglafs sunu' is a more authentic form for a typical 11th century Saxon than the Norse-influenced 'Eadric Wiglafson'.

Tengvik's Old English Bynames pp. 146-166 discusses patronymics in -sunu. Examples include (among many others) Ælmær Ælfrices sunu c. 1015 (p. 149), Ægelsige Byttices sunu c. 1055 (p. 151), Æðelmær Cola sunu 1046 (p. 153), and Manna Cenwaldes sunu 11c. (p. 152). Searle has numerous examples of both Eadric (pp. 186-188, dated between c. 630 and c. 1110) and Wiglaf (p. 490, dated between c. 840 and 909). It is the opinion of Eastern commenters that a patronymic using 'sunu' is probably more appropriate to an 11c. Saxon man than the Norse-influenced form. However, it's not quite clear to me what the possessive of 'Wiglaf' should be (candidates include Wiglafs and Wiglafes), so I have not made this change.

18 Engelhardt Buchhalter (m) - New Name forwarded

If his name must be changed, he cares most about an unspecified language and/or culture. Engelhardt: attached is a copy of "The Ancient History of the Distinguished Surname Engelhardt" (Hall of Names, Inc., 1994, Certification # 943320-12.10 22114), which states in part, "As early as 1558 they were raised to the nobility in Silesia." It also lists, but doesn't date, the alternate spellings Engelhart, Englehart, Engelhard, Engelhardt, Inglehard, Inglehart, Inglehardt, Engelhaus, von Englelhart, von Engelhardt, von Ingelhart. Rosencreutz: he attaches a printout from Wikipedia about Christian Rosenkreuz, the "possibly legendary founder of the Rosicrucian Order... In 1616 appears the Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz in Strasbourg... which introduces for the first time the name Christian Rosenkreutz." ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Rosenkreuz , accessed 2/05/2006). Buchhalter: the form states that this is German for accountant. A printout from Babelfish to this effect is attached. ( http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr , accessed 2/05/2006).

His named appeared on the LoI as Engelhardt Rosencreutz Buchhalter. All the available evidence suggests that 'Rosencreutz' was not used by real people in period: it was a unique byname associated with the semi-legendary founder of the Rosicrucian Order. Bynames that are unique to a particular person or literary figure are not registerable. Given the highly allegorical nature of the Chymical Wedding, the byname is not likely to be registerable via the literary name allowance, either. It has therefore been dropped from his name.

Bahlow/Gentry p. 105 s.n. Engelhard(t) says that this name is "the best known of all personal names with Engel-, promoted in the Middle Ages by a legend of friendship: Engelhard and Engeltrud, a courtly short epic." The spelling Engelhardt appears three times in Aryanhwy's "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html).

A byname meaning "accountant" or "bookkeeper" is problematical: the concept does not seem to occur much in period. I have been unable to turn up a surname with this meaning in any language that I have resources for. (In German, the closest I've come is Schatzmann 'treasure-man; treasurer?' and Schatzer 'tax-collector', both found undated in Bahlow/Gentry p. 437 s.n. Schatz.) However, the modern German word for 'bookkeeper' happens to closely resemble a period byname: Bahlow/Gentry p. 61 s.n. Buchhalter dates the spelling Buchhalder to 1351, and says it's a locative meaning "from the beech slope". Ibid p. 556 s.n. Winterhalter appears to date the header spelling to 1460, so the submitted 't' spelling seems a reasonable variant.

19 Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo - Resub Household Name forwarded
Submitted Name: Villa Razzolini

The previously submitted household name La Casa della Croce a Fiori was returned by Laurel in May 2004 for lack of documentation that it follows period Italian inn name or household name practice. Language/culture are marked as most important; the specifics line says 'House Razzolini'. Authenticity is requested for 14th to 16th c. Italy. The documentation says that the submitter prefers 'villa' - country house, country seat, country villa, to 'casa' - house, home, residence, because 'casa' has the secondary meaning of 'family'. The form goes on to say: 'The family specific references attached show that there co-existed two houses called 'Villa Razzolini', one in Florence and one in Asolo, without geographical designators.' Attached printouts indeed show pictures of buildings, with accompanying text mentioning the name 'Razzolini', but the closest I can find to a date is the statement that one of the buildings 'first appears on the Florentine tax rolls in 1427'. Urls: http://web.jhu.edu/villa_spelman/ and http://www.asolo.it/turismo/monumneti/loredan.html.

The Online Etymological Dictionary (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php) dates villa to 1611 in the desired meaning of "country house". It has been registered before as a household designator (Villa Verde, Antonio Franco di Milano, Nov. 1992 via the Middle). By precedent (June 1992 Cover Letter), family names can be used to form household names; Razzolini is the submitter's registered family name (Apr. 1994 via An Tir). (Commenters were unable to find a period reference to this name, although it definitely occurs as a modern Italian surname.)

20 Eularia Trewe - New Device forwarded

Argent, two chevrons purpure and overall a crow close contourny sable.

Her name will be forwarded to Laurel from the Dec. 2005 ILoI.

Her name submission appears on the March 2006 Eastern XLoI. Re-blazoned slightly from Argent, two chevrons purpure and overall a crow closed facing to sinister sable.

21 Gavan MacBane (m) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per bend sable and azure, a bend bevilled between two flames argent.

No major changes. The submitter cares most about early 16th century Manx language/culture. 'Gavan' is a spelling variant based on forms of Gavin listed in Arval Benicoeur's 'Concerning the names Gavin, Gawaine, Gavan, and Gabhainn' (http://www.medievalscotland.org/problem/names/gavin.shtml). Citing Black and the manuscript Aberdeen Council Registers, this article includes the following spellings from lowland Scotland: Gavin (1477, 1577), Gavann (1501), Gavane (1502), Gavine (1519), Gavinn (1520, 1521), Gawane (1521, 1576), and Gawan (c.1550). Based on Gavann and Gawan, the variant Gavan seems reasonable. 'MacBane' is found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's "Manx Names in the Early 16^th Century" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/jonesmanx16.html). This article states that by the 16th century, the majority of given names used on the Isle of Man were of Anglo-Norman origin, while the majority of surnames were of Gaelic origin.

Some commenters worried that a combination of Lowland Scots with Manx might be considered one step from period practice, because Scots combined with Cornish, Gaelic, or Welsh has been ruled so. However, Gavan MacBane can also be documented as an entirely Scots name: Black p. 457 s.n. MacBean dates M'Bane 1513 and mc behan 1539; based on these and other Mac- names in Black, the submitted spelling seems plausible.

22 Giles of Burleigh - New Device forwarded

Vert, in pale three swords fesswise argent and a bordure argent semy of anvils sable.

His name was registered in Dec. 2004, via the East.

23 Gruffydd the Innocent - Resub Device forwarded

Gules, a man statant to dexter maintaining a drawn bow and arrow within a bordure Or.

His name was registered in Nov. 1999, via the East. His previous device submission, Gules, a man maintaining a bow and arrow statant to dexter Or, appeared on the July 2005 ILoI and was returned on the Dec. 2005 LoD for conflict with Migel Gneuyle de Normandie (May 1983 via the Middle): Gules, an old man statant affronty maintaining a sword and shield Or, with just one CD for the change in facing. This submission adds a bordure to clear this conflict.

Re-blazoned from Gules, a male archer statant within a bordure Or.

24 Gwillim Kynith - Resub Device forwarded

Or, a coney and a fox combattant within an orle gules.

His name was registered in Nov. 2004 via the East. His previous device submission, Or, a coney and a fox combattant gules, was returned on the East Kingdom March 2005 Letter of Decision for conflict with James the Fox (July, 1971): Or, a fox rampant guardant gules, receiving only one CD for the addition of the coney. This device adds an orle to clear that conflict.

25 Hedewigis Ockenfüß (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Argent, a decrescent and in chief three fir trees sable.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about Swiss (German - Zurich area) language and/or culture. 'Hedewigis' is from Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch by Adolf Socin s.n. Hadewigis, pp. 55-56, dated in this spelling to 1247, 1248, 1286, and 1300. 'Ockenfüß' is from Dictionary of German Names by Hans Bahlow (translated by Edda Gentry) s.n. Ockenfuß;, which dates the spelling 'Okenfüß' to Rümlang near Zurich in 1357.

Commenters noted that per recent precedent, the byname in German feminine names should be either feminized (by adding an -in or -inne suffix) or put in the possessive. However, a random page-flip method search through Bahlow yielded several women's bynames that weren't feminized or possesive (e.g. Else Mussintopp 1428 p. 37 s.n. Mussgnug; Hedwig Irmeler 1428 p. 271 s.n. Irmler), so I'm forwarding this name unchanged: perhaps more research is needed, to figure out exactly what factors are involved in determining the form of women's bynames in German.

The word "in" has been added back to the blazon; I don't know where it disappeared to on the LoI...

26 Hedewigis Ockenfüß - New Badge forwarded

(Fieldless) On a decrescent argent, a fir tree sable.

Her name is submitted elsewhere in this letter.

27 Helena Osterholm (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Sable semy of roses Or, a fox passant reguardant contourny argent.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about Finnish language/culture. The documentation 'summary' consists of: 'Helena - female given name; see attached documentation. aff - "of". Osterholm - locative; see attached documentation.'

Submitted as Helena aff Osterholm, the preposition has been dropped per the submitter's request in further correspondence. No part of this name is actually Finnish, but it may be appropriate to a Swedish settler in Finland.

The cited documentation for Helena, "Vanhat nimityyppimme (Finnish Names)" by Rouva Gertrud (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/FinnishNamesArticle.htm) has one instance of this name, dated to 1498; it likely refers to a Swedish settler, since her byname is Swedish (Olaffs dotter). Aryanhwy's "Swedish Feminine Given Names from SMP" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/smp/) includes multiple instances of various forms of this name, dated between c. 1100 and 1488; and "Swedish Feminine Names from c. 1300" by Lindorm Eriksson (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/swedish1300female.html) lists 10 instances of Helena as a given name.

The geneology website cited for her surname (http://www.osterholm.info/) says that Osterholm was a 17th c. Swedish homestead settlement in western Finland. Eastern commenters have no resources for Swedish placenames, so we couldn't come up with an earlier date. We suspect that the language and placenaming customs didn't significantly change between late period and the date of this homestead. We therefore ask the College's help.

Commenters did document Osterholm as a plausible contructed German placename meaning 'small island lying to the east'. Bahlow/Gentry p. 359 s.n. Osterloh dates Osterlo to 1423, and says Oster- ('eastern') combines with numerous second elements: -brock, -brauk, -brink, -feld, -hues, -kamp, -holt, -wiesch, etc.; and p. 231 s.n. Holm ('small island') he dates Holm to 1298, and lists Bornholm, Dänholm, Engholm, and Lindholm. Helena was used in German (see for example Aryanhwy's "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497", http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html), so Helena von Osterholm is a plausible German name. However, the submitter prefers not to have "von" in her name; if she must have a preposition, she would prefer the originally submitted "aff".

Her device has been re-blazoned from Sable a semé of roses Or, a fox regardant sinister Argent.

28 Honor Savage - New Device returned

Quarterly wavy argent and gules, four mullets counterchanged.

Her name was registered in November 2004 via the East.

Unfortunately, this lovely device conflicts with Aaron Swiftrunner of the Stone Keep (registered "at some point", meaning way back when rocks were soft and armor was made of carpet): Quarterly argent and gules, four mullets of four points counterchanged. There is one CD for straight vs. wavy, but none for mullets of four points vs. mullets of five points per RfS X.4.f: "four is significantly different from six or more." (Per precedent, "the rules for change of type of mullets follow the rules for change of number of charges." [Kouac Myklos 02/02 A-Ansteorra]) On resubmission, note that a wavy line should be drawn with more pronounced or deeper waves. Note also that despite the age of the conflicting armory, its owner may be reachable for purposes of asking for permission to conflict: Blue Tyger believes that Aaron Swiftrunner currently answers to "seneschal at sca dot org".

29 Jaquelinne du Bois Blanc (f) - New Name Change forwarded & New Device returned
Current name: Jacques du Bois Blanc

Purpure, a tree eradicated argent, in chief a label dovetailed argent.

Her current name was registered in August 1987 via the East. No instructions are given for what to do with it if this name passes. Jaquelinne is documented from Colm Dubh's "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html ), which lists a "Jaquelinne l'Anquetine". The surname is grandfathered to the submitter.

According to her submitting herald, if this submission is successful, the submitter would like her current name to be released.

This device conflicts with Sileas ní Chinaíd (May 1993 Atlantia): Purpure, a tree eradicated and in chief a roundel argent, with only a single CD for the change in type of secondary charge. It also conflicts with the Middle Kingdom's Purpure, an oak tree blasted and eradicated argent, fructed Or, with a single CD for adding the label.

There was some question about the blazon: according to the Pictorial Dictionary, a "label dovetailed" is another way to blazon a "label couped" (i.e., cut off some distance short of the edges of the shield). This label is not couped; it just has points that are somewhat more dovetail-shaped than normal. This detail should perhaps be left to artistic license. (The first occurrence of "argent" in the blazon can be omitted.)

30 Jeremiah MacCoull - Resub Device forwarded

Sable, three pallets wavy Or, overall two winged bulls combatant, wings addorsed, argent.

His name was registered in July 2005, via the East. His original device submission, Sable, three pallets wavy Or, on a chief Or, a winged bull with wings addorsed sable, was pended on the Nov. 2004 LoD (dated Feb. 2005) for a redraw, saying that the bull was too small to be recognizable. This is a complete redesign.

Commenters assure me that this is clear of Ranulf fitzStephen de Acre (July 2000 Meridies): Sable, two bulls combattant argent by RfS X.1 (Addition of Primary Charges), since precedent states that "overall charges are not primary charges" (Ivo Blackhawk, Jan. 2002 A-Ansteorra). This is highly counter-intuitive to me, since the bulls are a much more prominent part of the design than the pallets, but I am by no means an armory expert.

31 Katryne Blak - New Device Change forwarded

Argent, a fox passant gules within a bordure per saltire sable and gules.

Her name and current device, Argent, a fox rampant reguardant contourny gules within a bordure per saltire sable and gules, were registered in May 2005 via the East. If this device is registered, she wishes to release her old device.

That's one amazing tail that fox has, but it's still identifiable as a fox.

32 Kiena Stewart - New Device forwarded

Argent, a horse courant and on a chief embattled azure three triquetras argent.

Her name appears on the February 2006 ILoI.

The triquetras were originally blazoned as "Trinity knots"; commenters were unfamiliar with this term. The embattling on the chief could stand to be more symmetric (the teeth should be drawn with equal height and width all around), and the horse is rather anatomically impossible, but it's all recognizable, so I'm forwarding this as submitted. I hope Wreath will be lenient.

33 Kolbrandr húslangr (m) - New Name forwarded

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning, of the first name especially. For Kolbrandr, the submission form says: Geirr Bassi Haraldsson, The Old Norse Name, p. 12. For Húslangr, the form says 'see attached'.

Húslangr is found in Geirr Bassi, p. 23, as a byname meaning 'longhall-builder'. Submitted as Kolbrandr Húslangr, the byname has been changed to lower-case to conform with current precedent (Thrandr surtr, 10/01 A-Atlantia).

34 Lilia de Vaux (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Purpure, a lily and on a chief argent three pairs of rapiers inverted in saltire sable.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound. 'Lilia' is an undocumented, though to our eyes reasonable, variant of 'Lillia', which is dated 'a. 897' in Les Noms de Personne Sur Le Territoire de L'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siècle, Volumes I & II by Marie-Thérèse Morlet, vol. II p. 71. (We're not sure what 'a.' stands for; if it's the usual Latin ante, then it means 'before', but if it's French, it probably just means 'in the year'.) 'de Vaux' is dated to the Domesday Book (1086) in A Dictionary of English Surnames, Revised Edition by P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson s.n. "Vaus" p. 468. We believe that this name should not conflict with Lilian atte Valeye, registered Feb. 2005 via the East, since "Vaux" and "Valeye" look and sound quite different. The name conflict examples specifically mention that "Cum Barba" and "Withebeard" do not conflict, even though their meanings are equivalent.

As additional documentation, there's a Philippe de Vaux as entry number 206 on page 11 of Michel Popoff: Armorial du Dénombrement de la Comté de Clermont en Beauvaisis, which is a collection of armory from Picardy between 1373 and 1376.

One commenter pointed out that lilies come in many colors, so the tincture of the flower has been reblazoned as "argent" instead of "proper".

35 Magdalena Gdanska (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per bend sinister gules and argent, an apothecary jar bendwise sinister and a cross bottony counterchanged.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about Polish or Slavic language/culture. Talan Gwynek's "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm ) dates Magdalena to 1346. Walraven van Nijmege's "Hungarian Feminine Names" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/magfem2.html ) also has Magdalena. 'Polish Given Names in Nazwiska Polaków' by Walraven van Nijmegen and Arval Benicoeur ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/walraven/polish/ ) has Magdalena, Magdalina, Madlen (Magdalen). Gdansk is mentioned as the original (10th century) name of a town in Poland in Atlas of Medieval Europe by Donald Matthew (Facts on File, Inc., New York, NY).

Bubak's Ksi{e,}ga naszych imion s.n. Magdalena has Magdalena 1265 and Magdalana 1391, among others. Academy of S. Gabriel report 2633 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2633) lists the following period cites for a byname meaning 'man from Gdansk': Gedansky 1429, Gdanczki 1438, Gdanzky 1446, and Gdanszky 1449, and says that for a feminine name, the final '-i' or '-y' becomes '-a'. (The report cites Taszycki, Witold: S{l/}ownik Staropolskich Nazw Osobowych, s.n. Gda{n'}ski, for the dated Gdanski cites.) Based on "Gedanska" and "Gdanzka", the submitted spelling seems reasonable.

Her device has been slightly reblazoned from Per bend sinister gules and argent, an apothecary jar bend sinister to chief and a cross bottony counterchanged..

36 Magdalena von Kirschberg - Resub Device returned

Per pale azure and gules, two chevronels Or.

Her name was registered in May 2005, via the East. This device was pended from the Oct. 2004 ILoI because the then-Eastern Crown thought the chevronels were too low. (Since the line drawing form needed to be recreated anyway, the chevronels have been nudged up just a bit.) Unfortunately, I feel it has been too long since this was last conflict-checked to just forward it on.

Unfortunately, this device conflicts with Henri Guiscard (March 2005 via Lochac): Quarterly gules and sable, two chevronels Or, with just one CD for changes to the field. If it's any consolation, this would've been a conflict even if the device had been forwarded with the name: Henri's armory was registered two months prior to Magdalena's name. There is also another conflict (which commenters believe might have been missed for Henri's submission): Dragomyr of Morkynwald (Aug. 1979 Ansteorra), Purpure, on a chevron Or another sable, thereon a Maltese cross between two goblets Or. It's complicated and easy to miss, because it involves re-blazoning Magdalena's device as "Per pale azure and gules, on a chevron Or a chevron per pale azure and gules". Thus re-interpreted, there's one CD for the field, but nothing for the tincture only of the tertiary (sable chevron vs. azure and gules chevron), and nothing for the quaternaries.

37 Magdalena Winter - New Badge returned

Argent, on a bend cotised azure a mullet of six points Or.

Her name was registered in April 2002 via the East. Her device, Argent, on a bend cotised azure three mullets of six points Or, was registered in Dec. 2004 via the East.

Like her device, this badge conflicts with Rowan le Beau (March 1998 Æthelmearc): Argent, on a bend cotised azure a lily palewise Or between two others argent, with one CD for changes to the tertiaries. When her device was registered, the LoAR failed to mention that she had included permission to conflict from Rowan. This omission led commenters to dig up all sorts of precedents on grandfathering based on Laurel's mistakes, none of which quite apply here: they all presuppose that an existing conflict was missed. This is not the case here: the existing conflict was known, and allowed for in the previous submission; however, that letter of permission to conflict does not apply to this submission. Therefore, this must be returned for conflict. (The article "a" has been added before "mullet".)

38 Miklos Temesvari - Resub Device forwarded

Sable, in chief a dragon couchant Or and a gore Or papellony gules.

His name was registered in Nov. 2004 via the East. His previous device submission, Sable, in chief a dragon couchant and on a gore Or a spiderweb gules was returned by Eastern Crown on the Jan. 2004 LoR (issued 15Feb2004) for having a charged gore and a dragon which was "missing most of the key features of draconic anatomy including the claws, tail, and wings." This submission changes the spiderweb to a papellony field treatment, and has a redrawn dragon.

There was some disagreement in commentary whether this conflicts with Caryl de Trecesson (Jan. 1974): Sable, a dragon dormant Or. There's definitely one CD for the gore, and theoretically another for moving the dragon, per the following precedent (Christoph von dem Schwarzwald, 09/90 A-Ansteorra): [a cross vs. a cross in chief between two gores] "There is a CVD for moving the cross to chief and another for addition of the gores" [implying that the move to chief isn't forced]. This is more of that dreaded "forced move" concept, and I'm not touching it with a ten-foot pole. Wreath gets to decide.

39 Muriel Halliday - New Device returned

Per chevron argent and vert, a fret argent and in chief two hedgehogs proper, their spines impaling grapes purpure.

Her name was registered in Sep. 2005, via the East.

This is returned for a redraw: the hedgehogs are too small and unrecognizable, and the grapes are nearly invisible. The critters are also not actually "proper": according to the Glossary of Terms, an urchin (which is an alternate term for a hedgehog) is "brown with white face and belly". Re-blazoned from Per chevron argent and vert, two hedgehogs proper impaling grapes purpure on their spines and a fret couped argent. The fret is not couped, since it extends all the way to the edge of the shield at the bottom; blazoning it as "a fret" should be perfectly adequate, since an argent fret can't extend onto the argent part of the field. The fret is considerably larger than the hedgehogs, so it has been put first in the new blazon.

40 Orzel Go{l/}aszewski herbu Ko{s'}cie{s'}z{a,} (m) - Resub Name forwarded & New Device returned

Gules, a rogacina crossed and fourchy argent.

His name was pended from the Feb. 5, 2005 ILoI because Eastern Crown believed there to be documentation for it somewhere. The documentation hasn't been found, but his device submission has. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning of Orzel, 'eagle', and the language/culture of 1580s Poland. He will not allow the creation of a holding name.

Eastern commenters don't have access to much by way of Polish name documentation; all they could do is confirm that "orzel" does appear to be modern Polish for "eagle". For what it's worth, Wickenden p. 250 shows the corresponding Russian word (orel) in use as a name in 16th century Russia. Since no amount of further consideration in-kingdom is going to turn up adequate documentation, I'm forwarding this and begging the College's help.

Unfortunately, this device conflicts with Angharad Rhos Tewdwr of Pembroke (Dec. 2003 Middle): Azure, a rogacina crossed and fourchy argent, with just one CD for the field. Precedent set with the aforementioned Angharad's registration said, "Because this charge is so common in period Polish armory it seems appropriate to blazon it using the Polish term. The number of crossings (if any) and the style of the foot should be blazoned explicitly..." This device has accordingly been re-blazoned from Gules, a cross between and conjoined to two chevronels, all couped argent. [It's clear of the other four rogacinas that have been registered: Aron Niedzwiedz (Nov. 99 Atlantia): (Fieldless) In pale a cross couped between and conjoined to two chevronels couped Or and (Fieldless) In pale a cross couped between and conjoined to two chevronels couped Or; Vitus Polonius (Nov. 05 Drachenwald): (Fieldless) A rogacina doubly crossed and fourchy argent and Per bend gules and sable, a rogacina doubly crossed and fourchy argent.]

41 Osgrim Iserbit (m) - Resub Name forwarded & Resub Device forwarded

Or, a sword inverted gules between in chief two dragons combattant sable.

No major changes. His previously submitted name, Osgrim Schrökeisen, was returned by Laurel in Sep. 2005 because his surname spelling wasn't documentable, and he allowed no changes. The return also mentioned that the difference in both time and location between his given name and surname would likely make the combination unregisterable. This submission attempts to fix both problems by using a different, earlier, byname. His previous device submission, Or, a sword inverted gules between two dragons combattant sable, was returned by Laurel in Sep. 2005 for conflict with Thomas Rumboll (Sep. 1994 via the West): Or, three dragons segreant sable. There is one CD for the change in arrangement, but because the dragons on Osgrim's device were judged to be co-primaries with the sword, there was no CD for changing the type and tincture (dragon to sword) of one item in the primary charge group. This submission clears that conflict by making the dragons clearly secondary charges. 'Osgrim' is found as a variant of Asgrim (Ase + grim) in the Male Names section of Kees Nieuwenhuijsen's "Names in the Low Lands before 1150" ( http://www.keesn.nl/names/index.html ). According to the spreadsheet containing the raw data for this article, Osgrim was a commoner and a landowner in 920 who is mentioned in the Werdener Urbare. The References page of the above website says this document lists 'possessions of and donations to the abbey of Werden in Germany. Contains lots of names from the Low Lands, especially region North.' 'Iserbit' literally means 'iron-biter, iron-eater', and is a nickname for a pugnacious person. It's documented from an email sent to the Academy of St. Gabriel's email list by Kees Nieuwenhuijsen, quoting from Frans Debrabandere: Woordenboek van de Familienamen in Belgie en Noord-Frankrijk (Amsterdam & Antwerpen: L.J. Veen, 2003), which dates Gerardus Iserbit to 1187 in Ename (located in modern-day Belgium).

42 Raffaella Mascolo (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Argent, on a bend sinister within a bordure gules three mullets of six points palewise Or.

Raffaella is a hypothetical feminine form of 'Raffaello', which appears 381 times in the 'Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532', edited by David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, and Anthony Molho ( http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/ ) and once in the Online Catasto of 1427 (as compiled by Ferrante LaVolpe in 'Italian Renaissance Men's Names', http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/ ). The Catasto has many examples of feminine names formed by substituting 'a' for the final 'o' of a masculine name, such as Antonio (m) - Antonia (f), Francesco - Francesca, Bartolomeo - Bartolomea, and Giovanni - Giovanna. (These examples are from Ferrante's 'Italian Renaissance Men's Names' and from Arval Benicoeur's 'Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427', http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/#alpha. ) Mascolo: Jesuit scientist Giovanni Battisti Mascolo (c. 1582-1656) observed the eruption of Vesuvius in 1631 (see http://libraries.luc.edu/about/exhibits/jesuits/1580.shtml ). The submitter is willing to accept "Mascola" if that is the more appropriate feminine form of the surname.

Re-blazoned from Argent, on a bend sinister gules three mullets of six points Or, all within a bordure gules.

43 Readfah Holm, Canton of - New Group Name returned & New Device returned

Argent, an eagle's head erased gules beaked azure within a laurel wreath vert, in base two barrulets wavy gules.

No major changes. If their name must be changed, they care most about the meaning "Red-stained Sea". "Readfah Holm" is constructed as an Old English translation of "red-stained sea" from a webpage, "Resources for HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE & ENGLISH HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS - Modern to Old English Vocabulary", http://www.ujaen.es/dep/filing/HEL_Resources/Dictionaries_And_Glossaries.html (author: Bill Schipper, Memorial University of Newfoundland). No photocopy provided. The form states, "The group chose this name as the two counties that make up this new group both border the Bay of Fundy, which is not only known for the world's highest tides, but the red mud left exposed by these tides. As the sea returns, the red mud colours the water a rusty red." A petition signed by 10 of the 13 paid members is attached.

It is likely possible to construct an Old English placename with a meaning close to "red sea", but commenters are pretty sure that this isn't it. The submitters will not allow major changes, so I could not substitute one of the suggested alternatives, and must therefore return this name. I will attempt to summarize commenters' findings below, but I recommend that the submitters contact me: I will put them in touch with Dame Scolastica, who wrote: "I would be glad to go into more detail and see what I can come up with that would suit the group. My specialty is Middle English place names, but since those are based on Old English elements, I have quite a library to consult."

Smith vol. 2 p. 81 lists r{e-}ad as an Old English adjective meaning "red", and says that it was sometimes applied to water, "especially peat-stained water". Mills lists several placenames that may include this element: Rodmerehil 1208-10 "hill by a red (i.e. sandy) pond" (p. 285 s.n. Redmarshall); Redeford 1086 "red ford, i.e. where the soil is red" (p. 282 s.n. Radford Semele); Redker c. 1170 "red or reedy marsh" (p. 285 s.n. Redcar); Radeclive c.1180 "red cliff" (p. 285 s.n. Redcliff Bay); Rededich 1247 "red or reedy ditch" (p. 285 s.n. Redditch); and Redgrafe 11c. "red grove" (as one of several possible derivations p. 285 s.n. Redgrave).

None of the English placename books (Ekwall, Watts, Smith, Mills) list anything like readfah, however. Smith's entry for fah is glossed as "variegated", and it is cross-referenced to fag, which says it was "used with (i) topographical elements, in the sense 'colored, bright' ... (ii) tree-names, etc., ... (iii) appellatives for artificial objects ... to denote a colored building." Ekwall p. 172 lists OE fag as meaning "variegated, multicolored", and notes that it was used as the first element of placenames, citing Facit, Fawcett, Fawside, Faintree, and Fawdon. A placename element meaning "stained" is unlikely, anyway: medieval people tended to be rather painfully boring when it came to naming places. If they saw red water, they called it "red water", not something poetic-sounding like "red-stained sea".

Smith s.v. holm says that this had the meaning "water, the sea, the ocean" only in late OE poetic usage. According to Mills p. 183 s.n. Holme, its more typical meaning (borrowed from Old Norse holmr) was "island, dry ground in marsh, water-meadow". R&W p. 236 s.n. Holm says this byname indicates "residence near a piece of flat land in a fen or by a piece of land partly surrounded by streams", and mentions another possible derivation, from OE and ME words meaning "holly, holm-oak". Thus, like "fah", "holm" was not used in placenames with the desired meaning.

Watts under sæ says "This OE word is used in placenames in a variety of senses, the chief of which include (i) 'the ocean' in coastal placenames such as Seaford, Seasale, etc.; (ii) 'an inland lake' as in Hornsea, Withernsea, Seaton; (iii) possibly also 'a marsh' ... especially in the names of some inland places where the lake, if ever there was one, has long disappeared, as at Seacroft, and in compounds with mere (such as Seamer), where its use in the sense 'lake' would be tautological." Thus, something like Redsea (meaning "red sea" or "peat-stained lake") seems quite plausible, but unfortunately it would conflict with the real-world sea by that name.

Other words indicating largish bodies of water include mere, fleot, and pol. These might be combined with r{e-}ad to construct placenames meaning "red (sea-)pool", "red inlet", or "red pool", respectively. Smith s.v. mere "a pool", occasionally "a sea pool", says this element is combined in compounds with "descriptive words", so a combination with "red" seems plausible. Mills p. 403 lists fleot as an OE placename element meaning "inlet, estuary or creek." It occurs as the second element of a placename for example in Benfleet (Mills p. 33); period spellings listed include Beamfleote 10c. and Benflet 1086. Mills p. 405 defines OE pol as "pool, pond, or creek". It appears as the second element in several placenames, for example Retpole 1086 (Mills p. 282 s.n. Radipole); Liuerpul c.1190 (p. 224 s.n. Liverpool); Blackpoole 1602 (p. 41 s.n. Blackpool).

The device must unfortunately be returned for lack of a valid name to attach it to. It has been re-blazoned from Argent, within a laurel wreath vert, an eagles head erased gules beaked azure, a base barry wavy gules and argent. On resubmission, the laurel wreath should be drawn with less space between the tips of the branches; it should resemble an 'O' rather than a 'U'. Precedent states, "A properly drawn laurel wreath should not have sufficient room between its tips to place another charge." (Darkstone, College of, 02/00 R-Middle).

44 Richard Napier - Resub Device returned

Per bend sinister gules and sable, a Latin cross flory and a bordure Or.

His name was registered in September 2005 via the East. His previous device, Per bend sinister gules and sable a Latin cross fleury Or, was returned from the February 2005 ILoI for conflict with Richard of Alsace (Dec. 1975) Vair, a Latin cross fleury Or, and with the Kingdom of Calontir (Apr. 1984 via Calontir) Purpure, a cross of Calatrava Or. This submission adds a bordure to clear those conflicts.

This device is returned for a redraw: the bordure should be drawn thicker, with an even width all around, and as one commenter put it, the cross "needs to learn a bit more Latin" -- the bottom arm of a Latin cross should be at least twice the length of the other arms. Note that this device may conflict with William the Stout (Jan. 1999 Atlantia): Quarterly azure and argent, a cross flory issuant from base, a bordure Or. There's one CD for changes to the field, but commenters were uncertain whether "issuant from base" counts as a second CD. On resubmission, the submitter should decide whether to "chance it" or "change it" in regards to this possible conflict.

45 Rolland Ian Macpherson - Resub Device forwarded

Per chevron azure and lozengy argent and sable, between two horses combattant a mullet of four points elongated to base argent.

His name was registered in Jun. 2001 via the East. His original device, Per chevron azure and lozengy argent and sable, in chief two horses combattant argent was returned for conflict on the June 2000 LoR (issued 24 May 2001). This resubmitted device was pended on the Oct. 2004 LoD (issued 11Jan2005) because the mullet was too small. It has been redrawn with a larger mullet, but unfortunately, I feel that it has been too long since it was last conflict-checked to just forward it on.

(The capitalization of his name has been corrected from MacPherson to Macpherson.) Re-blazoned from Per chevron azure and lozengy argent and sable, two horses combattant and in chief a mullet of four points elongated to base argent.

46 Sabine de Kerbriant (f) - New Name Change forwarded & Resub Device returned
Current name: Sabine Kerbriant de Lanvaux

Azure, on a chief indented Or three pommes.

No major changes. Her current name was registered in May 2003, via the East. No instructions are included for its disposition if this name passes. Her previous device submission, Per pale azure and vert, six hearts Or, was returned by Eastern Crown on the July 2002 LoR (issued 26Sep2002) for conflict. This is a complete redesign. Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms de Famille by Marie-Thérèse Morlet p. 551 s.n. Ker says 'Breton, very frequent in the formation of place names which have become a number of family names.' -briant is cited as a variant of -briand. Remainder of name is grandfathered.

Per subsequent communication with the submitter, if this name change is successful, her current name is to be retained as an alternate. Dauzat & Rostaing p. 373 s.n. Ker- says this is a Breton word meaning "town, village", and later "house", and was generally followed by a personal name; Kerbrient is one of the examples given. Dauzat p. 67 s.n. Briand lists Briant as a frequent spelling variant of this Breton family name, though without a date.

Much to the disappointment of commenters, this wonderful device conflicts with Myfanwy of Oakwell (Nov. 1986 West): Gyronny argent and azure, on a chief wavy Or three fountains, with just one CD for the field. By precedent, there's no CD between indented and wavy (William the Navigator, 04/88 R-Outlands), and the field-primary armory conflict rule (X.4.a.ii) only applies if the peripheral ordinary is uncharged. RfS X.4.j.ii. can give a CD for complete change of type of tertiary, but both fountains and pommes are types of roundels, so that doesn't help.

47 Sarra the Lymner - New Device forwarded

Argent, in cross four hedgehogs contourny purpure.

Her name was registered in Feb. 2003, via the East.

Re-blazoned from Argent, four hedgehogs statant to sinister one-two-one purpure; hedgehogs are statant by default.

48 Scolastica la souriete (f) - New Name Change forwarded
Current name: Cateline de la Mor la Souriete

No major changes. If this name is registered, she wants to retain Cateline de la Mor la Souriete (registered Aug. 1990 via Trimaris) as an alternate name. Scolastica as a given name is dated to 1195, 1207, 1221, and 1316 under the heading Scollas on page 395 of A Dictionary of English Surnames, Revised Edition by P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson. The phrase 'la Souriete' is grandfathered from her current name. It's Old French and means 'the little mouse'. It was documented in the original submission from Frédéric Godefroy's Dictionnaire de l' ancienne langue francaise et tous ses dialectes du IX au XV siècle, volume 7, p. 533. (Originally published in Paris 1892, reprinted in 1965 by Krause Reprint Ltd.)

49 Severio Santangelo (m) - New Name forwarded

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. 'Severio' is found in Dizionario dei nomi italiani by Emidio de Felice p. 331 s.n. 'Severo' as an undated variant; the entry mentions several saints contributing to the name's popularity, including a 5th c. San Severo, bishop of Ravenna, and a 5th c. San Severino, a monk who has some connection with Naples. Santangelo is constructed as a locative-type surname, based on a town called S. Angelo in Puglia, found in Maridonna Benvenuti's 'Mercator's Placenames of Italy in 1554' at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/south.html. The format of the surname is based on 'Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484' by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/BynAlpha.html. This article shows, for example, da Sangimignano (one word) as well as da San Gemignano, and di Santo Ambrogio is also written Sancto Ambruose, without the preposition. The surname also appears as an undated header form in Dizionario dei cognomi italiani by Emidio de Felice, p. 223.

50 Siobhán inghean Eoghain (f) - New Name Change forwarded
Current name: Evelyn Macewan of Kynblathmund

Her current name was registered in Jan. 2003, via the East. The forms don't give any instructions on what to do with it if this submission is successful. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the meaning 'Siobhan daughter or descendant of Ewen'. Siobhán appears in Irish Names by Donnchadh ÓCorraín & Fidelma Maguire under 'Sibán', undated. mhic Eoghainn: The Surnames of Scotland by George F. Black under MacEwan shows 'MacEoghainn' undated, along with various dated spellings from 1219 to 1724.

Submitted as Siobhán inghean mhic Eoghainn, which is a fine Irish Gaelic name meaning "Siobhan, daughter of a son of Eoghann". However, it conflicts with Siobhan nic Eoin (Apr. 1994 Meridies). By precedent, Gaelic inghean mhic conflicts with Scots nic, since they both express the same relationship: "daughter of the son (or descendant) of" (09/01 Cover Letter). Also by precedent, Eoghan is in auditory conflict with Eoin; although they're actually two different names, their pronunciations are insufficiently different to clear a conflict (Eoghan mac Cinatha, 03/02 R-Ansteorra). Since the submission form indicated that she would like to be either a descendant or daughter of Ewen, the byname has been changed to a straight patronymic to clear this conflict. Per the aforementioned Cover Letter, bynames that express a different relationship do not conflict, and inghean Eoghain is at least one generation removed from nic Eoin.

Mari's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/) has Siobhán 22 times between 1310 and 1600, and Eoghan 32 times between the 900s and 1590; the c.1200-c.1700 genitive form is given as Eoghain. (The second 'n' has accordingly been dropped from the end of the patronymic.)

51 Svína-Kormákr Ívarsson - New Device forwarded

Azure, a boar passant to sinister between three triquetras argent.

His name was registered in May 2005 via the East. There is a letter of permission to conflict included from Echrad ingen Óengusa, who bears Azure, a horse courant contourny between three triquetras argent (March 2005 East).

The letter of permission to conflict is unnecessary: boars and horses are substantially different charges, so this device is clear of Echrad's by RfS X.2.

52 Thomas delbroc (m) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Sable, a cup Or and a base ermine.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning 'of the brook'. Submitter will accept minor changes to his surname, so long as 'Thomas' remains intact. He prefers the spelling 'delbruc', but will accept 'delbroc'. Thomas is from Julian Goodwyn's "Brass Enscription Index" ( http://sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/brasses ), dated to 1347. A Dictionary of English Surnames, Revised Edition by P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson p. 67 s.n. Brook gives Eustace delbroc (1130), William de la Broke (1208), William del Brokes (1332). A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames by Charles Wareing Bardsley p. 138 s.n. Brook gives Edelina del Brok (Hen. III - Edw. I), Robertus del Brok' (Hen. III - Edw. I), Lavrence del Broc (1273), Richard atte Brook (1419).

Submitted as Thomas delbruc; commenters could find no evidence that the word "brook" was ever spelled with just a 'u' in English, so his byname has been changed to the documented delbroc.

This device should be clear of Uther vom Schwartzwald (Apr. 1999 Outlands): Sable, a winged chalice Or. There's a CD for the base, and the wings should add another, unless they're very small. This may be a visual call.

53 Tuathflaith inghean uí Cleirigh (f) - New Name forwarded

No major changes. She requests authenticity for Irish language/culture. If her name must be changed, she cares most about Irish language and/or culture. Tuathflaith is from "Dated Names Found in ÓCorraín and Maguire's Irish Names" by Mari Elspeth nic Bryan (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/ocm/), no date cited. Cleirigh is from Irish Families: Their Names and Origins by Edward MacLysaght (Dublin: Allen Figgis, 1972) pp. 80-81, no date cited (and no photocopy provided; the MacLysaght on the no-photocopy list is a different book). It is also in Irish Names and Surnames by Patrick Woulfe p. 467, again, no date cited.

The placement of the diacritic in inghean uí has been corrected from inghean úi. Tuathflaith is dated as the name of "a queen of Leinster who died in 754" in OCM p. 173 s.n. Tuathflaith. The name is dated to 749 in Mari's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/). The CELT archive (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/search.html) has 11 hits for Cleirigh, six of them from the Annals of Ulster and dated between 891 and 1195, and five from the Four Masters, dated between 948 and 1583. The cites are all men, but as far as I know, names like Mael Fabhuill mc. Cleirigh (Ulster 891 entry 10) and Eochacán ua Cleirigh (Four Masters 948 entry 9) use the same form of the patronymic as is appropriate for use with "inghean uí".

54 Velasco Calderon (m) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Argent, a serpent sable, head to dexter chief, entwined around a key palewise wards to chief gules.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about sound. Juliana de Luna's "Spanish Names from the Late 15^th Century" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/isabella/index.html ) under Men's Given Names shows 'Velasco' as occuring once. Ibid under Other Surnames shows 'Calderon'.

Originally blazoned Argent, a key gules enfiled of a serpent sable. Commenters questioned the blazonability and reproducability of the snake, based on the following return (07/04 R-Meridies):

Cristina inghean Ruairc. Device. Sable, a pithon Or enfiled by a shepherd's crook argent all within a bordure wavy Or. This violates RfS VII.7.b, Reconstruction Requirement, which states in part: "Elements must be reconstructible in a recognizable form from a competent blazon." Consensus of the commentary on this device was that the relationship of the pithon to the shepherd's crook in this design could not be adequately described by "enfiled" or any variation thereof, nor was anyone able to come up with a blazon that could ensure this depiction.

However, given that this is Pennsic art, and various senior heralds and heraldic artists agreed on this emblazon, I feel unqualified to judge its merits. I do think the revised blazon will result in an emblazon recognizable as heraldically equivalent to this one: the snake may end up with fewer or more twists, and its tail may or may not pass through the loop at the end of the key, but these differences will be just as insignificant as the exact shape of the key. It will still be a black snake wound around a red key.

55 Viviene la chandeliere (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Purpure, a wolf rampant and in chief three fleurs-de-lys Or.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about French language/culture, specifically Paris ca. 1225-1375. If registerable, she would prefer to keep the submitted spellings. Academy of S. Gabriel report 1031 ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/1031 ) mentions Viviene as an Old French feminine form of Vivian, citing Dictionnaire Étymologique des Noms de Famille et des Prénoms de France by Albert Dauzat, Les Noms de Personne Sur Le Territoire de L'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siècle, Volumes I & II by Marie-Thérèse Morlet, and The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names by E. G. Withycombe. 'la Chandeliere' appears 10 times in Colm Dubh's "An Index to the Occupational By-Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/parisbynames.html ), as a feminine byname meaning 'tallow candle maker'.

Per recent precedent, the capitalization of her byname has been changed to lowercase (Baudoin le pevrier, 09/05 A-Meridies). Additional documentation: the 1292 Paris census has one Vivien le serjant; Viviene or Vivienne is the expected feminine form.