October 2006 East Kingdom Letter of Decisions

Unto the East Kingdom College of Heralds and all others who do receive this letter, greetings from Kolosvari Arpadne Julia, Eastern Crown Herald!

This is the Letter of Decisions for the Internal Letter of Intent dated Oct. 17, 2006. It contains submissions received before August 19, 2006 and has 57 numbered items, plus one amendment to the September LoD.

Many thanks to the commenters who made this letter possible: Eleazar ha-Levi, Aryanhwy merch Catmael, knut, Ailis, the Sisterhood of Saint Walburga (being Alys Mackyntoich, Sinking Tower Pursuivant; Brunissende Dragonette de Brocéliande, Ivy Pursuivant; Katryne Blak; Marion del Okes; Elysabeth Underhill; Brita Svensdottir, Endeweard Pursuivant; Mercedes de Califia; and Lilia de Vaux, Hartshorn-dale Pursuivant), Rowen Stuffer, Tanzos Istvan, the Moline Heraldic Art Appreciation Society (being Yosef Alaric, Moline Herald Extraordinary; and Aceline Barrett of Seven Oaks, Leviathan Pursuivant), and Scolastica la souriete.

Argent, a horse rampant contourny, in canton a sheaf of arrows fesswise reversed sable within a bordure potenty gules.

The blazon of the sheaf of arrows has been shortened slightly from in dexter chief a sheaf of arrows points to dexter.

2 Adhemar de Villarquamada (m) - New Name Change forwarded & New Badge returned
Current name: Morgan de Villarquamada

(Fieldless) A torteau within and conjoined to four fleurs-de-lys in cross bases to center Or.

No major changes. His current name and device (Or, semy-de-lys gules, a griffin segreant sable and a chief counter-ermine) were registered in Apr. 1990 via the East. His old name is to be released if this submission is registered. If his name must be changed, he cares most about an unspecified language and/or culture. Adhemar is found in Juliana de Luna's "Occitan Townspeople in the 14th Century - Masculine Given Names" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/occitan/occitan-given-men.html ). de Villarquamada is grandfathered to the submitter. The badge form notes that this submission is a visual call against Eibhlín ní Chaoimh (Apr. 2000 Æthelmearc): (Fieldless) On four demi-fleurs conjoined in cross Or a torteau.

Adhemar is Occitan, and I believe de Villarquamada is Spanish. (Villarquemado appears to be a Spanish town: http://villarquemado.com/.) This lingual mix should be allowable; it's certainly more likely than his current name. (The only precedent involving Occitan or Provençal is one declaring a mix with Old English unregisterable. His surname most certainly isn't Old English.)

Unfortunately, while this badge is likely clear of Eibhlín's badge (a check of her submission form reveals that the torteau is clearly a tertiary charge, on top of the demi-fleurs and much smaller than them), knut found another conflict: Katlin von Kappel (Oct. 2001 via Atenveldt), Per saltire sable and gules, four fleurs-de-lys bases to center Or. There is one CD for fieldlessness, but the change from four items in the charge group to five (the fifth being the torteau) is not a significant difference, and neither is the conjoining of the charges.

Quarterly azure and vert, a cross between two wolves' heads erased in bend argent.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about "10th century Irish-Scot" language and/or culture. Both name parts are found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/ ). Áedán is given as the standard nominative form of this name for both Old (c700-c900) and Middle (c900-c1200) Irish Gaelic. It's found in the annals between 505 and 949 as the name of 24 men. Tigernáin is given as the standard genitive form of Tigernán for the Middle Irish Gaelic (c900-c1200) period. This name is found in the annals as the name of three men, dated to 980, 1201, and 1313.

Per pall sable, gules, and argent, a mullet of four points argent and two stags salient addorsed counterchanged.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about 11th century Irish language and/or culture. Ailill is dated to 802 and 1032 on p. 17 of OCM. Mac means Son of. Cúán is dated to 1024 on p. 65 of OCM.

Submitted as Ailill Mac Cúán, the patronymic has been corrected to mac Cúáin. 'Mac' (which is not normally capitalized in Gaelic bynames) doesn't mean "son of", it means simply "son" -- you need the genitive (possessive) form of the father's name to get the "of". According to Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/irish100.html), the genitive of Cúán is Cúáin. (Additional documentation: both Ailill and Cúán appear in this article.)

Argent, a quill pen and a trumpet in saltire sable between four trefoils in cross and a bordure nebuly vert.

Her name was registered in May 2003, via the East. Her previous device submission (Argent, a quill and trumpet sable crossed per saltire nested of four trefoils vert, a border nebuly vert) was returned on the 2002-03 LoR for a redraw because the bordure was too narrow.

6 Aislinn Chiabach (f) - New Name Change forwarded & New Device forwarded
Current name: Aislinn Chas

Purpure, a bat displayed argent, on a chief Or a jester's cap lozengy in bend purpure and argent belled argent.

No major changes. Her current name was registered Jul. 97 via the East. It is to be released if this submission is successful. If her name must be changed, she cares most about sound and Irish language and/or culture. Aislinn has been ruled SCA-compatible (Aislinn inghean Mhaoil bhrighde, 08/2000 A-Atlantia). Ciabach is found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Masculine Descriptive Bynames" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/index.shtml ) as a masculine byname meaning 'long-haired'. It's found in the annals as the name of two men, dated 1151 and 1232. The submission form asserts that adding the 'h' makes it feminine.

The added 'h' in the byname doesn't "make it feminine"; it indicates lenition, a sound change that occurs in certain Gaelic grammatical environments -- including feminine names. According to the chart at http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/index.shtml#exceptions1, a byname starting with 'c' following a feminine given name ending in 'n' does indeed lenite.

Some commenters felt that the combination of purple, a jester, and a bat is strongly evocative of the Batman comics and movies. I don't know whether the association is returnably obvious or not, so I'm forwarding this for the CoA and Wreath to decide.

Sable, on a saltire between four mullets of four points elongated to base argent, a thistle proper.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound 'Ay-lean Kin-ear'. Aline is dated to 1428 in Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyAG.html ). Kinneir is dated to 1574 in Black s.n. Kinnear.

Aline is dated to 1428 in Withycombe (2nd ed.), p. 15 s.n. Aline. The entry notes that this name was "very common" in the 12th to 15th centuries.

Unfortunately, this device conflicts with Pavel Feodorovich Strelkov (May 1994 via the Middle), Sable, on a saltire between four mullets argent four arrows, points to center sable: there is one CD for the changes to the tertiary charge(s), but none for mullets of five points vs. mullets of four points, and none for the elongation of the mullets.

8 Anne Whyte of Sedgewicke (f) - New Change Of Holding Name forwarded
Current name: Anne of Whyt Whey

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound. Her previous name submission of Anne Whyte was returned (Mar. 2005, R-East) for conflict with Anne De Witte (reg. Feb. 87 via the East). This submission adds an element to clear that conflict. Anne is found in Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyAG.html ), dated to 1566 (Thackeray), 1568 (Hamlet), 1576 (Coryat), and 1592 (Vicars). Whyte is dated to 1419 in Julian Goodwyn's "English Names Found in Brass Enscriptions" ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/brasses ). This spelling is also found in "Names from 15th Century York" by Karen Larsdatter ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/york15/index.htm ). Sedgewicke is found on pages lix and lxxiii of References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602 by F.K. & S. Hitching. The place (in Westmoreland) is recorded as early as c. 1185 (as Sigghiswic), according to Ekwall p. 411 s.n. Sedgwick, but none of the no-photocopy placename books have a later spelling. The form of the name is intended as given name + family name + address.

Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Naming Practices in 16th Century Gloucestershire: Use of More Than One Byname or Surname" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/GlocNamePractices/MultipleBynames.html) dates numerous 16th c. examples of literal locatives using the format <given name> <family name> of <placename>.

Argent, a rowan tree blasted and eradicated sable between two stags combattant gules.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound of the given name, 'Ar-den-ee-ah'. The name form also says the submitter prefers Ardenia, but will accept Ardania. Morlet Vol. I p. 124 column b dates Ardanius a. 910-27, and Ardennus a. 988. The submitter and her herald believe, based on a pattern of (a) men and women using the same vernacular names with gender-appropriate Latinizations, and (b) the formation of feminine names from masculine ones, that Ardenia is plausible. Ruad is listed as the standard Middle Irish Gaelic (c.900-c.1200) nominative form of the byname Ruadh 'red' in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Descriptive Bynames" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/index.shtml ). The byname is dated to 1039, 1109, and at least a dozen times in every century after that.

In Morlet, Ardanius and Ardennus are both filed under "hypocoristics of names in Hard-", just underneath Hardunus a. 711.

Submitted as Ardenia Ruad; Frankish or Vulgar Latin (precursor to Old French) and Gaelic combinations have been ruled unregisterable (02/2004, Faílenn de la Maurienne R-Ansteorra). 10th c. Gauls generally didn't have bynames, but given that our rules require one, a Latin adjective meaning "red" seems as good a choice as any. The masculine rufus shows up as a byname meaning "red, ruddy" in a wide range of times and places, including as a classical Roman cognomen (Meradudd Cethin: "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome", http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/) and in 11th-13th century Germany (Talan Gwynek: "Some Early Middle High German Bynames", http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/Early_German_Bynames.html, s.n. Rôt). It's also used as a byname in 10th-11th c. Normandy, according to a post to SCAHRLDS by Gunnvor silfraharr, quoting from Jean Adigard des Gautries: Les Noms de Personnes Scandinaves en Normandie de 911 à 1066 (Lund: Carl Bloms Boktryckeri A.B., 1954). The names in this document are apparently all masculine; the relevant examples are: Anschitillus rufus 1035x1037, Anffridus rufus 2nd third of 11th c., and Gotmundus Rufus Wascoliensis c.1054x1078. The feminine form of this adjective is rufa, so her byname has been changed to this in order to (hopefully) make the name registerable.

Several commenters noted that once it's blasted and eradicated, there's nothing to distinguish a rowan from a generic tree. It's just one word, and it doesn't cause confusion, however, so I haven't changed the blazon.

Azure, a mastiff statant erect reguardant sustaining a spear fesswise reversed argent.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. The form also says "Keep Asgar!!! Changes to the last name if needed." Asgar is found in The Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book by Olof von Feilitzen, p. 166. Roulfs sunu is intended to mean 'son of Roulf'. Roulf is found in Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum by W.G. Searle, p. 573.

Asgar is also found (undated) in Searle, p. 74. The related name Esgar is dated c. 1060 and c. 1100 on p. 235. If we take Searle at face value, Asgar can also be justified as a reasonable constructed Anglo-Saxon name: As- is listed as a common theme (p. xv), and -gar as a common deuterotheme (p. xvi). Also, R&W p. 157 s.n. Esgar dates Esgar and Esgarus to 1066 DB, and derives it from Old Norse Ásgeirr, Old Danish Esger. (The importers of the name must've been primarily Danes -- hence the 'E' rather than 'A'.)

R&W p. 382 s.n. Rolf dates Roulf to 1066 DB, and Robertus filius Rolui, Roulf to 1086 DB. The entry reads: "O[ld] N[orse] Hrólfr, O[ld] Da[nish], O[ld] Sw[edish] Rolf. Found as the name of a peasant in Danish Linc[oln]s[hire], it must sometimes be Anglo-Scandinavian, but the name was also common in Normandy where it became O[ld] Fr[ench] Roul, Rou, often latinized as Rollo and it is to this that the frequency and variety of the surnames are due. Roulf may be a contracted form of ON *Hróðwulf, the ultimate source of Hrólfr." One commenter expressed doubts about the appropriateness of the Old English patronymic particle sunu, since Roulf is not stricly speaking an Old English name. It is, however, found in Searle (p. 404, dated c. 1063), which is billed as a source of "Anglo-Saxon" names, which is in turn usually interpreted as a synonym for "Old English"... I defer to the wisdom of the CoA and Pelican for the determination of the correct form of the patronymic, and have made no changes.

Argent, a griffin segreant and on a base azure a pair of rapiers in saltire argent.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. Ben is found in R&W p. 39 under Benn. The entry dates Benne de Ecclesille 1246, indicating use as a given name, and Thomas Ben 1275, indicating the possibility of this spelling. The name of the (incipient) Canton of Brokenbridge was forwarded to Laurel on the May Eastern xLoI, which is scheduled to be decided at the September meetings.

Submitted as Ben of Broken Bridge; the canton's name was submitted as all one word, so the spelling of his byname has been changed to match. For his given name, commenters offered the playwright Ben Jonson (born 1572) as additional documentation.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. Bruce is the submitter's legal given name. Murray is a header spelling in Black; William de Morreve is dated to 1296.

Black also dates Murra 1491, Mwrray 1555, and Murrai 1444, so the submitted header spelling is in keeping with period forms. A copy of his state ID card is included, showing Bruce as his legal given name.

Stags have no default posture, so the word "trippant" has been added to the blazon.

Per fess azure and Or, in fess a thistle proper sustained by a stag rampant proper armed argent.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. Cainnech is a header on p. 43 of OCM, dated to 929. mac is the Irish patronymic particle. Uilliam is a header on p. 175 of OCM, dated to before the 14th century in Ireland (when the diminutive 'Uillec' appears).

Mari's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/) dates Cainnech (as a masculine name) as late as 1014; her earliest date for Uilliam is 1302. This name is therefore one step from period practice (because it combines Old/Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish), but registerable (Tigernach Ó Catháin, 11/01 A-Caid).

Commentary was mixed on the identifiability of these dark charges on the partly azure field. For what it's worth, I was there when this question was tested at Pennsic: a "name weenie" herald was shown the colored submission form from a distance of about 15 feet, and she accurately identified both the thistle and the stag. I'm therefore forwarding this for Wreath to decide.

14 Caitríona MacLeod (f) - New Name returned & New Device therefore also returned

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound. MacLeod is a header spelling on p. 538 of Black, dated to 1227. Caitríona is given as the standard (modern Irish) Gaelic form of this name in OCM p. 45 s.n. Caiterína. Catrina is dated to 1557 in Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in Scottish Records" under post-1400 Katherine. Caitrina is dated to 1467 in Sharon L. Krossa's "Scottish Gaelic Given Names for Women" ( http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/gaelicgiven/women/caitrina.shtml ). The submitter prefers the submitted form (with the two vowels between the 'r' and the 'n').

Unfortunately, this name conflicts with Caitlin MacLeod (June 1989 via Calontir) and Caitlin nic Leod (May 1987 via the West): Caitlin is a diminutive of Caitríona. (See RfS V.1.a.i.: "Irrespective of differences in sound and appearance, a given name is not significantly different from any of its diminutives when they are used as given names.")

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sounds 'kel-fara' and 'at'. No gender is marked for the submitted name. Ceolfara is a constructed Anglo-Saxon name, using the prototheme Ceol- (Searle p. 129) and the deuterotheme -fara (Searle p. 240). æt is the A.S. preposition 'at'. Mældun is dated to 913 in Ekwall p. 297 s.n. Malden.

Commenters expressed some doubt about the validity of this construction. The prototheme is fine; Marieke van de Dal's "Anglo-Saxon Women's Names from Royal Charters" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/marieke/anglosaxonfem/) has a number of names in Ceol-, and Ælfwyn æt Gyrwum's "Anglo-Saxon Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/aelfwyn/bede.html) has the masculine name Ceolwulf. However, Searle's examples of -fara do not make it clear whether this is really an OE name theme. The first example is Irfara (p. 320, a masculine name). There is one other compound in Ir-, Irfrith; here the deuterotheme is fairly common, which provides some support that Irfara may actually be a dithematic name. The second example, Wifare or Wiuara (p. 486, again masculine), is less supportive: if this is a dithematic name, it's unclear whether the prototheme is Wi- or Wif-. If it is Wi-, it may be a reduced form of Wig-, as suggested by the entry "Wiferth, see Wigfrith." The only other example commenters found of "fara" in a name context is an Abbess of Brie named Fara in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Oxford, 1969, 1991; p. iii.8). I'm feeling somewhat out of my depth here, so I'm forwarding this name for the greater wisdom of the CoA and Pelican to tackle.

Aryanhwy pointed out that according to the rules of OE grammar, the placename should be in the dative case following 'æt'. Neither Ekwall nor Mills give the prepositions (if any) to go with their citations, but Watts p. 393 s.n. Maldon gives (to, æt, at) Mældune c. 925. The byname has therefore been changed from the submitted æt Mældun to æt Mældune in order to correct the grammar.

Paly argent and vert, two arms counterembowed and interlaced within a bordure embattled sable.

Christophe is given as a 14th-15th c. given name in Morlet Picardie, p. 20. Lejeune is dated to 1475, ibid p. 405 s.n. Le Jeune.

Technically, this emblazon is "three pallets", not "paly", but since these are considered identical for purposes of conflict, and using "paly" greatly simplifies the wording, I haven't changed the blazon.

Gules, on a chevron Or between three lions rampant argent, five fleurs-de-lys gules.

The sound 'Rylan' is most important. Conall appears in Mari's Index of Names in Irish Annals dated to 1501-1600. It also appears in OCM p. 56 s.n. Conall, which lists two Saint Conalls and several legendary Conalls. O'Rylan is an italicized Anglicized form s.n. Ó Roitleáin in Woulfe p. 634; the name is described as "an attenuated form of Ó Rotláin."

Woulfe actually has O Rylan (no apostrophe), but given the number of O'Somethings in Woulfe, the submitted form seems plausible. The combination of Gaelic and Anglicized Gaelic is considered a step from period practice, but registerable (Banbnat MacDermot, 09/01 A-Calontir). If the submitter is interested in a fully Anglicized form of his name, Aryanhwy suggests either Conil or Connell O Rylan, based on Oconil from Tangwystyl's "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century)" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/ormond.html), and Connell from Tangwystyl's "Names and Naming Practices in the Fitzwilliam Accounts from 16th Century Ireland" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/fitzwilliam.html).

This device is clear of Garth Brandon (Apr. 1998 via the Middle), Gules, on a chevron between three escallops inverted Or, five fleurs-de-lys sable, with one CD for changing the type and another for changing the tincture of the secondary charges. The chevron should be drawn steeper, but this angle is probably within the allowable range, so I'm forwarding it without a redraw. (As I recall, this emblazon is the Pennsic artist's second attempt; the first was even shallower.)

Sable, a winged wolf rampant argent charged at the shoulder with a heart gules, a chief rayonny argent.

His name was forwarded to Laurel on the May 2006 xLoI. His previous device resubmission, Sable, a winged wolf rampant between three wolves' heads couped ululant argent, was returned from the June 2006 ILoI for conflict with Eric Foxworthy (Aug. 1980 via the West): Sable, a winged fox rampant, wings addorsed, argent. His first device submission, Sable, a winged wolf rampant and a chief rayonny argent, was returned from the Feb. 2006 ILoI for conflict with both the badge (above) and device of Eric Foxworthy (Nov. 1982 West): Sable, a winged fox rampant within a bordure argent. This submission adds the tertiary heart to clear these conflicts.

19 Corwin Silvertongue - Resub Household Name forwarded & Resub Badge pended
Submitted Name: Whitloup Taverne

(Fieldless) A wolf's head erased ululant sustaining a tankard fesswise argent.

No major changes. His primary name was forwarded to Laurel on the May 2006 xLoI. His previous household name submission, House Argent Lupe, was returned from the Feb. 2006 ILoI for grammar issues and lack of documentation. His previous household badge submission, Sable, a wolf's head erased ululant argent, was returned on the same letter for conflict with both Fandral Silverfox (Sep. 1973): Sable, a fox's mask argent and William of Hoghton (Aug. 1982 West): Sable, a grey wolf's head erased proper [Canis lupus]. This submission clears those conflicts by addition of the tankard and by being fieldless. Whitloup is an inn sign name constructed along the pattern of [color] + [animal], such as Whithors 1358, found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "English Sign Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/inn/). Combinations of English and French in descriptive bynames can be found for example in Jönsjö: Blancheye 1327, Blanchman 1379. Loup is French for 'wolf' (Dauzat, Dubois & Mitterand: Nouveau Dictionnaire Etymologique; Librarie Larousse, Paris).

The OED s.v. tavern dates tauerne to 1286, 1297, 1303, 1340, c1440, and 1593, and taverne to 1570. These all retain a final 'e', so the submitted Tavern has been changed to Taverne.

As drawn at Pennsic, this device had some issues: the tankard was "barely overall", which is a long-standing reason for return in and of itself. Commenters also felt that the exact arrangement wasn't blazonable or reproducible from the blazon. I have attempted to fix both problems with a redraw. This badge is pended awaiting the submitter's approval of the new artwork.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about 15th c. German language and/or culture. She requests authenticity for 15th century German time period and language/culture. Cristyne is from Talan Gwynek's "15th c. German Women's Names". Landebert is dated to 1262 in Brechenmacher s.n. Lambert, Lampert.

The URL for Talan's cited article is http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/germ15f.html. Current precedent (Elisabeth Trostin, 10/05 A-An Tir) says that the byname needs to be in a feminine or possessive form. According to Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "Women's Surnames in 15th- and 16th-century Germany" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/womenssurnames.html), the possibilities include Landebertin, Landebertyn, Landeberten, or Landebertz. Academy of S. Gabriel report 3108 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/3108) identifies Cristyne as a West Middle German spelling, and recommends a feminine suffix over a possessive for this region (citing Socin, mostly), so I've changed her byname from Landebert to Landebertin in order to comply with her authenticity request and with Laurel precedent.

Panthers have no default posture beyond "guardant", and the usual term is "incensed", so this has been reblazoned from Azure, three panthers argent spotted sable, flames Or.

Per pale fleury counter-fleury vert crusily couped and argent, in sinister a bear rampant sable.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound 'David Erb von Bahr-au'. The form says it's OK to change Bärau if a different form is found in period. The worksheet was done either in pencil or a very light pen, and I can't quite make out the photocopies. It appears that the submitter is using the Mundane Name Allowance for the David Erbe part, which is his mundane name. Bärau is a town in Switzerland. Printouts are attached from http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/switzerland/map/m3512935/barau.html.

Bahlow s.n. Erbe says that this was "a popular personal name in the Upper Rhine area 1100-1400", and dates Joh. Erbe, Konstanz 1320 (among others).

Commenters could find no information about Bärau in period, and I found a website for "Heimstätte Bärau" (http://www.heimstaette-baerau.ch/05_WeitereInformationen/S04Index222J.html) which mentions a 222nd anniversary celebration in 2006. This would seem to indicate that the place is post-period, but I am not confident enough in my vaguely-remembered high school German to be certain: the website might be for some institution within the town, rather than the town itself. In any case, even if the submitter allowed all changes, the locative couldn't be dropped from his name: the result would be identical to the name he uses outside the Society, violating AH III.A.9. I am therefore forwarding this in the hope that someone in the CoA can turn up better information.

The words "in sinister" have been added to the blazon: the field is neutral in terms of contrast, so if his position isn't specified, the bear goes in the center of the field across the line of division.

23 Dieter Velkener an dem Platz (m) - New Name forwarded & New Badge forwarded

Vert, a hawk close to sinister guardant perched on and sustaining a branch argent.

He cares most about an unspecified meaning. Dieter is a header on p. 77 of Bahlow, dated in this spelling to 1486 as a given name. Velkener is a surname meaning 'falconer' dated to 1399, ibid. p. 113 s.n. Falkner. an dem Platz is a locative surname dated to 1328, ibid. p. 376 s.n. Platz. The badge is to be jointly owned by Kirstyn Velkener an dem Platz, whose name is submitted elsewhere on this letter.

Without the red tail coloring, there's nothing to distinguish between a red-tailed hawk and a generic hawk, so the confusing phrase "red-tailed" has been removed from the blazon. I've also added the phrase "and sustaining" to clarify the relative sizes of the hawk and the branch, and replaced "head affronty" with the more standard "guardant".

24 Draguin atte Maeldun - New Household Name forwarded & New Badge forwarded
Submitted Name: Martiall Company of Athenry

His name was registered in Apr. 1990 via the East. His device, Barry wavy argent and gules, a wyvern erect maintaining an axe within a bordure sable, was registered in Jan. 1991 via the East. The meaning 'from Athenry, Ireland' is most important. Martiall Company is a designator dated to 1629 in "Naming the Honourable Artillery Company", found in Duncan's Cavalier Webpages ( http://victoria.tc.ca/~godwin//duncanweb/documents/hacname.html ). Athenry is an Irish town name, found as a header and an undated Anglicized spelling in A. Room's A Dictionary of Irish Place-Names, p. 17. It's located in County Galway.

This badge is clear of Collach O'Choda (May 1992 via the East), (Fieldless) A wyvern erect supporting by its hub a wheel Or, with one CD from the fieldless bribe, and another for changing the type of half the charge group.

Per pale azure and vert, a greyhound's head erased contourny Or and a chief ermine.

No major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the spelling. The form says, "Change if needed to be registered, keep the spelling as close as possible." Eibhlín is found in OCM p. 84, dated to 1274 and after. Fraoch is found undated s.n. Freaghill in Room A Dictionary of Irish Place-Names, p. 58. The phrase an Fraoich is found in "Onomasticon Goedelicum" ( http://www.ucc.ie:8080/cocoon/doi/locus/F ); the form says it means 'de Fraoch'.

Unfortunately, this device has multiple conflicts: Angela of the Stoney Oak Forest (Jun. 1984 via the Middle), Azure, a chevron between two acorns and an oak leaf argent; Beorn Collenferth (Oct. 1982 via Meridies), Azure, a chevron between a harp, an axe reversed and a sabre-toothed tiger statant argent, and Rannveigr Haakonardottir (Dec. 1983 via the East), Azure, a chevron between two falcons close respectant and a drakkar's prow reversed argent. In each case, there is but a single CD for changing the type of the secondary charges.

Per bend sinister indented azure and vert, a harp bendwise sinister and an arrow bendwise sinister Or.

No major changes. She cares most about the sound. Emma is dated to 1186-1219, 1316, and 1401 in Withycombe s.n. Emma. MacMinn is one of the header spellings in Black (first header MacMin); dated forms include M'Men 1426 and Mcmyane or Makmyane 1509.

Slightly reblazoned: both occurences of "bend sinisterwise" have been changed to "bendwise sinister".

(Fieldless) An elephant rampant argent sustained atop a barrel palewise proper.

His name and device (Per pale sable and argent, a wolf and a hare salient addorsed and on a chief three mullets of six points counterchanged) were registered in Oct. 2002, via the East. His previous badge submission, (Fieldless) An elephant statant bearing on its back a tower argent, was returned from the Oct. 2002 ILoI, for conflict with Andrew Castlebuilder (Sep. 79): Per chevron purpure and Or, overall an elephant trumpeting passant proper, on its back a carpet purpure, fimbriated Or, supporting a tower argent, masoned sable, with just one CD for the field(lessness). This submission should be well clear of that device.

Blazon tweak: we normally go from top to bottom, all else being equal, so the order of elephant vs. barrel has been switched. This also has the effect of changing the role of the barrel from active "sustaining" to passive "sustained atop", which seems appropriate for an inanimate object.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning; the specifics line says "White-Headed (S.N. least important) Scottish." The worksheet has the authenticity request checkbox marked, but the corresponding section of the submission form is blank. Finnian: OCM p. 102-3 s.n. Finnén states "This gives the early Latin form Vennianus and such Irish forms as Finnio and Finnian." Two saints (a bishop and an abbot) are mentioned by the name of Finnén, undated, and Finnian is given as an (undated) Anglicized form. Mac Ailein is given as the Gaelic spelling of MacAllen in Black p. 451; the name is dated to 1376 in the spelling M'Alayne.

Black's Gaelic forms are generally modern (and thus not necessarily registerable) Scottish spellings, unless he gives a date. Woulfe p. 305 has entries for Mac Ailín and Mac Aileáin, and says the former is a mid-16th century import from Scotland; he gives the late-period Anglicized spellings M'Aline, M'Alline and M'Elean, M'Elane, M'Ilean, M'ellen, M'Kilan. He also has entries on p. 220 for the unmarked patronymics Ailín (late-period Anglicized Alwine, Allyne), which he derives from Anglo-Saxon Æthelwine; and Ailéin (Angl. Aleyne, Alleyne, Allaine), which he derives from Breton Alan. OCM's Aillén is also probably relevant, although the entry gives only legendary or mythical examples. The conclusion I've come to from all this is that the surname is undoubtedly period in some form, but I don't know what that form is. I'm therefore forwarding this unchanged, and begging the College's help.

One commenter noted a possible conflict with Raymond Norgate (Mar. 1975), Argent, billetty sable. There is one CD for the number of primary charges, but these staves are essentially elongated billets, so there may not be another CD for type or orientation of the charges. Other commenters said that the staves are hard to identify as such, since they're drawn essentially as black dowels. I feel thoroughly unqualified to judge in these matters, so I'm forwarding this for Wreath's decision.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about 8th century Irish Gaelic language and/or culture. She requests authenticity for 8th century Irish Gaelic language and/or culture and time period. Gormlaith is dated to c. 815 in OCM. It's also found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/ ), dated to 810, 840, 946, and 948. ingen: Old Irish patronymic. Lugdach is the genitive form of Lugaid, which is a header in OCM. It's dated to 612 and 954 in Mari's Annals Index (op. cit.), and it's also found in "100 Most Popular Men's Names."

Vert, a tau cross throughout and in chief a fox courant and a Maltese cross argent.

No major changes. He cares most about language and/or culture; the specifics line says "Hans Kruger." Hans is a header in Bahlow (Gentry) p. 190; the entry says this is a short form of Johannes, the most popular first name in the Middle Ages. Ibid. p. 251 s.n. Johannes says "Numerous short forms show that Johannes was the most frequent Christian (baptismal) name at the end of the Middle Ages (thus "Hans and Grete")." Krüger is a header in Bahlow (op. cit.), p. 287, undated. Brechenmacher p. 119 s.n. Kruger dates Krug. to 1340, and Chrüger to 1362.

There are 1171 instances of Hans in Aryanhwy's "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/nurnberg1497.html). This same article also has three instances of the surname Kruger. Given Brechenmacher's citation with the umlaut, the submitted spelling seems plausible. Bahlow says the name means 'tavern keeper' in the Lower German area, or 'jug dealer' in Upper German. Some commenters noted that Hans Kruger was a Nazi party member and official in WWII Germany. He was tried, but not convicted, for war crimes (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kr%C3%BCger). I've never heard of this person, so hopefully his existence will not be a bar to registration of this name.

Per precedent, this is a correctly drawn tau cross throughout (Cein O'Madden, 05/86 R-Meridies; also LoPaD 06/04).

Unfortunately, this device conflicts with Hugo Maundivelle the Improvident (Feb. 1975 via the West), Quarterly Or and sable, in the first quarter a Boar's head couped sable, tusked and langued proper. There is one CD for changes to the field, but per RfS X.4.g, there's nothing for the change in placement of the boar's head, because it can't be in the center on the registered device. (Grrr. I *hate* the "forced arrangement" rule.)

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning 'Hugh, innkeeper'. Hugh is a header form dated to 1273 in Withycombe p. 157-8. Tauerner is dated to 1175 in R&W p. 440 s.n. Taverner.

34 Hugh Tauerner (m) - New Alternate Name forwarded
Submitted Name: Abu Yusuf Hasan

His primary name is submitted elsewhere on this letter. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning 'Hasan, father of Yusuf'. Abu is Arabic for 'father of', an honorific. Yusuf is found on p. 129 of Schimmel, dated to Biblical times (Joseph son of Jacob son of Isaac son of Abraham). Hasan: ibid p. 111, dated 669.

The submitted name is one of the examples in Da'ud ibn Auda's "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm): "When using a person's full name, the kunya precedes the personal name: Abu Yusuf Hasan [the father of Joseph, Hasan]."

Her name and device (Argent, a hare courant sable between three roundels gules and on a chief sable three decrescents argent) were registered in Nov. 2003, via the East.

The SCA considers roundels to be a medium for heraldic display, and does not register badges that start "(Fieldless) On a roundel..." The most recent precedent is from April 2002 (Solveig Throndardottir, 04/02 A-Æthelmearc): "Note that this does not change our long-standing policy about such "shield shape" charges used in fieldless badges if the tincture is not plain (thus, divided or with a field treatment), or if the charge is itself charged." Thus this needs to be re-interpreted as fielded armory. There are multiple possible ways to do this. If we see it as Argent, a hare courant sable and a bordure gules, the device looks clear. However, if we re-interpret it as Gules, on a plate a hare courant sable, it conflicts with Germany (Dec. 1994 via Laurel), Gules, on a plate a cross gammadion saltirewise sable, with but a single CD for the change of type of the tertiary charge. Either interpretation seems equally questionable to me, so I'm forwarding this for the benefit of CoA commentary.

Argent, a wolf rampant to sinister gules, and on a chief embattled gules masoned argent three boar's heads erased argent.

No major changes. He cares most about German language and/or culture. Johannes: Bahlow s.n. Johannes indicates that this was the most frequent Christian name at the end of the Middle Ages. Kranich: Brechenmacher s.n. Kranch - Kranich dates a Joh. dictus K. to 1291.

Gules, a chevron between two lightning bolts palewise and a Catherine's wheel Or.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound. Johannes is a header in Bahlow p. 251; the entry says this was "the most frequent Christian (baptismal) name at the end of the Middle Ages..." Teufen is a placename mentioned in Bahlow p. 504 (p. 513 in the German edition) s.n. Teuf(f)ert. It's undated, but the entry mentions a medieval poet named Wernher of Teufen.

This device unfortunately conflicts with Gaufridus Baldewin Gilbertson (Dec. 1984 via Ansteorra), Gules, a chevron between two chess-rooks and a caltrap Or, with only a single CD for changes to the type of secondary charges.

38 Jonathan Blaecstan - New Household Name forwarded & New Badge forwarded
Submitted Name: Blaecstan Keep

Sable, on a bend sinister vert, fimbriated argent between two gryphons sejant to sinister three pine trees couped Or.

No major changes. Sound is most important. Blaecstan is the submitter's registered surname (June 1990 via the East). Keep is a valid household designator by precedent (Seeker's Keep - Aelfric se Droflic, Sep. 1992 A-Ansteorra). The badge is to be jointly owned by Melisande of the Gryphon Wood (name reg. Nov. 1991 via the East).

No major changes. Sound is most important. Katharine is a header in Withycombe, p. 186, dated to 1148 in England. Whytton is a variant of several names in R&W: Whitton (p. 489), Witton (p. 498), and Wyton, Whyton (p. 506). Dated forms include Whyttun (13th c.), Whitton (1378), Wyton (1245), and Wytton (1440).

This device is clear of both Mór Fhionn (Dec. 2000 via Atlantia), Azure, a bend wavy argent between two mullets Or and Evelyn Macewan of Kynblathmund (Jun. 2005 via the East), Azure, a bend wavy between a fox passant argent and a weeping willow tree Or. In each case there is one CD for changing the type and another for changing the tinctures of the secondaries.

40 Kathryn Elizabeth Lyons Ramsey (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per chevron sable and gules, two lions combattant and a ram's head cabossed argent.

No major changes. The form says the element 'Elizabeth' may be dropped if necessary for registration. Kathryn is a reasonable variant based on Katheryn, dated to 1570 in R&W p. 127 s.n. Daughters, and Katryn, dated to 1569 in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Feminine Given Names in the Registers of the Church of St. Mary's, Dymock", s.n. Kateren ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/dymock/dym_women.html ). Withycombe s.n. Elizabeth says that by 1600, this name accounted for over 20 percent of female baptisms. Lyons is dated to 1602 in Hitching. R&W s.n. Lyon dates Henry de Lyons to 1296. Ramsey is dated to 1602 in Hitching. R&W s.n. Ramsey dates Simund de Ramesie to 1175.

Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "Index of Names in the 1541 Subsidy Roll of London" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/english/london1541.html) has one example of Kathryn, five of Elizabeth, one of Lyons, and two of Ramsey as names of English men and women. In addition, Julian Goodwyn's "English Names found in Brass Enscriptions" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/brasses/) has Elizabeth (no specific date), Lyon (1592), and Ramsey (1510). So the only question remaining is how to justify putting all of these parts into one name. Per precedent, in English "double given names were a rare very late practice" (Gwenhevare Cordelia Maynard, 09/01 A-Ansteorra), but this still leaves one element too many: commenters found no support for unmarked double surnames in English. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Naming Practices in 16th Century Gloucestershire: Use of More Than One Byname or Surname" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/GlocNamePractices/MultipleBynames.html) says "All records that include more than once surname or byname for a single person fall into two categories: "alias" style surnames [and] true locatives. There are no examples of unmarked double surnames in these records." Since Ramsey is a placename (according to R&W p. 371 s.n. Ramsay, there's one in Essex and one in Huntingdonshire), either ... Lyons of Ramsey or ... Lyons alias Ramsey (or variants on same, such as de or als) would be plausible. However, I'm not certain whether adding "of" or "alias" counts as a minor or major change, so I've left the name as submitted.

"Combattant" implies "rampant", so the latter word has been dropped from the blazon.

She cares most about an unspecified meaning. Kirstyn is dated to 1381-83 in Talan Gwynek's "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" s.n. Christine. Velkener is a surname dated to 1399 in Bahlow p. 113 s.n. Falkner. an dem Platz is a locative dated to 1328, ibid. p. 376 s.n. Platz.

The URL for Talan's cited Silesia article is http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm. Current precedent (Elisabeth Trostin, 10/05 A-An Tir) requires patronymic, descriptive, and occupational bynames in German feminine names to be in a feminine or possessive form. She cares most about the meaning, and a feminine form seems to me to change the meaning less than a possessive, so I've dutifully changed the byname from Velkener to Velkenerin.

If her name must be changed, she cares most about the sound 'Laurencie (or Laurencia) La Martre'. Laurencie is found in Dauzat, undated, s.n. Laurent. The masculine name Laurent is dated to 1548 and 1550 in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's "Given Names from Brittany, 1384-1600" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/latebreton ). La Martre is dated to 1274 in Morlet Noms de Famille, p. 670 s.n. Martre(s).

Submitted as Laurencie La Martre; Dauzat's entry under Laurent has Laurencie as a placename, not a personal name. The feminine form of Laurent is given as Laurence, so the 'i' has been dropped from her given name. The surname entry from Morlet is somewhat misquoted on the submission form: La Martre is actually dated to around 1200, and the spelling dated to 1274 is de Martro.

Per saltire azure and Or, three fleurs-de-lys and a unicorn's head couped counterchanged.

No major changes. She doesn't care what gender this name is. If it must be changed, she cares most about language and/or culture, but the specifics line says Vitrolles - near Marseille. Laurens is found under Masculine Given Names in Cateline de la Mor's "16th C. Norman Names" (KWHS Proceedings 1994, p. 74). Vitrolles is found under Verreries in Dauzat & Rostaing. The spelling Vitrola is dated to 1200, 994-1032, and 1274.

It's not much help, but Dauzat p. 597 s.n. Vitrac has Vitrolles as an alternate header (undated, naturally).

Azure, a hand sustaining a sword argent charged of a snake head to chief vert.

This is a different person from the Lorccán Ó Donnubáin whose name was forwarded to Laurel on the East's April 2006 xLoI. I have been unable to reach the submitter regarding this near-identical conflict with his name. That said, here's what's on his forms... He cares most about sound; the specifics line says Keep Lorcan. Lorcan is found in OCM p. 124 s.n. Lorccan. The entry says it was a very common name in early Ireland. It's also found in Mari's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" under Lorcánn; this spelling is found in entries dated 863, 864, 882, 913, 925, 943, 1078, and 1162. O Donovan is found as an undated Anglicized form in Woulfe p. 501 s.n. Ó Donnabháin.

This name conflicts with Lorccán hua Donnubáin (Aug. 2006 via the East). It also has some issues independent of this conflict: it combines Gaelic Lorcan with Anglicized O Donovan; this is a step from period practice (Banbnat MacDermot, 09/01 A-Calontir). There is also a gap of over 300 years (close to 450 years, actually) between the latest date for the given name and the date of the surname. This is a second step from period practice, which makes the name unregisterable as submitted.

Without a valid name to attach it to, the device must be returned as well. There may be a conflict with it, anyway: one commenter said the hand isn't big enough to be co-primary, in which case this device conflicts with John Elynn (Aug. 1979 via Ansteorra), Azure, on the blade of a dagger proper a candle sable, with only a single CD for multiple changes to the tertiary charge. On resubmission, the device should be redrawn with a slightly larger hand to ensure that this interpretation doesn't apply. The blazon can be simplified: Azure, on a sword sustained by a hand argent a snake glissant to chief vert.

Purpure, on a bend between two triquetras argent three forget-me-nots purpure.

Sound, spelling, and language and/or culture are all marked as most important. The specifics say "Malise sounds like ma-lise, wants to keep 'e' in Malise, 13th c. Scots." Both the submission form and the worksheet clearly have Mailse as the "name submitted", but the name is equally clearly documented as Malise: it's a masculine given name found as a header in Black. The spelling Malis is dated to 1210. Lauird is a surname dated to 1257, ibid. s.n. Laird.

Black s.n. Bane has Malise Bane 1320. Both he (p. 578 s.n. Malise) and Withycombe (p. 204 s.n. Malise) derive it from the Gaelic name Mael Iosa.

This device has some close calls for conflict. It's probably clear of Etain Winterbourne (Oct. 1991 via the Outlands), Purpure, on a bend between two escallops argent, three violet plants palewise vert, flowered purpure: there's one CD for changing the type of the secondary charges, and likely another for changes to the tertiaries, because Etain's blazon seems to imply that the violets are mostly plant rather than flower. More problematic is Isabella Catharini (Jul. 1997 via Atlantia), Purpure, on a bend cotised argent three irises purpure: there's one CD for changing the type of secondary charges (cotises vs. triquetras), but the needed second CD must come from a substantial change in type of tertiary charges (RfS X.4.j.ii). I have no idea whether irises are substantially different from forget-me-nots, so I'm forwarding this for Wreath to decide.

Her name was forwarded to Laurel on the May 2006 xLoI. The submitting herald says this should be clear of Urraca Cantábrica (Jan. 1997 via Atlantia), (Fieldless) A magpie close sable marked argent within and conjoined to an annulet argent; Teague ap Cynan (Dec. 1991 via Meridies), (Fieldless) An annulet Or, overall a corbie sable; Grimald Rauening (Feb. 2005 via Atlantia), Argent, on a raven sable a mullet of six points Or; and Isabella de Corbie (May 1999 via the Middle), Or, a corbie close sable, a bordure embattled per pale sable and gules. In each case, he counts one CD for fieldless, and one for removal of a secondary or tertiary charge.

This badge has several close calls for conflict: Serlo of Litchfield (Dec. 1985 via Atenveldt), Gyronny gules and Or, a vulture close sable; Dafydd Wallraven (Jun. 1998 via Lochac), Per fess argent and purpure masoned argent, in chief a raven close sable; and Thorolf Oddson Villannen (Aug. 1973), Per pale argent and ermine, in dexter base a raven close proper. In each case, there is one CD for the field(lessness), but likely nothing for the type of bird (magpies are corvids, so there's almost certainly no type difference between a magpie and a raven), and nothing for placement/arrangement involving a fieldless badge. As submitted, the bird was black with white markings, which commenters felt was not enough white to get the needed second CD from changing half the tincture of the primary charge. The badge has been re-colored with a greater proportion of white, which will hopefully clear these conflicts. The submission is pended awaiting the submitter's approval of the new artwork.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning 'sewer = feast attendant'. Nicodemus is dated to 1579 in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan's "Given Names in Chesham" ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Chesham/ ). Sewere is a header dated to 1279 in G. Frannson, Middle English Surnames of Occupation 1100-1350, p. 112. This spelling is also found in R&W p. 402 s.n. Sewer, definition (ii), in the parenthetical (and cryptic) remark "(a13., NED, with forms sewere, sawere, sewre)." Presumably, a13. means 'ante 13--', i.e. 'before 13-something'.

There is a gap of exactly 300 years between the elements of this name, which is a borderline step from period practice, though registerable. The surname continued in use well after 1279, of course (Sewer is found on p. lxxiv of F.K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602), so the 300 year thing is illusory, really.

Vert, a stag's head erased affronty argent and on a point pointed ployé Or an oak sprig fructed vert.

If his name must be changed, he cares most about the meaning 'Oram of the stone' and Welsh language and/or culture. He'd actually like Oran as his given name, but we couldn't find any documentation for that, beyond a statement that it's mentioned in passing in the Bible somewhere. Orum is dated to 1175 in R&W p. 331 s.n. Orme as a masculine name; the entry says "Oram and Orum are due to the strongly trilled r." He prefers the -a- but will accept -u- if needed. y Maer is intended as a Welsh byname meaning 'of the stone', along the pattern of names like 'of the axe', 'of the chair', and 'of the horseshoes', found in Compleat Anachronist 66. The word maer meaning 'stone' was found in Y Geiriadur Mawr (The Complete English-Welsh, Welsh-English Dictionary) by H. Meurig Evans and W.O. Thomas, p. 270. Please fix the grammar as needed.

This device is clear of Fáelchú an Stalcair (Nov. 1997 via the Middle), Vert, a stag's head cabossed and on a chief argent, three Bowen crosses vert, with one CD for changing the type of peripheral charge, and another for the changes to the tertiary charge(s).

Barry wavy argent and gules, a wyvern erect maintaining an axe and on a chief wavy sable three crosses patonce argent.

No major changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about the sound 'at' or 'atte' for the locative. No gender is marked for the submitted name. Oswyn is a constructed Anglo-Saxon name, using the parts Os- (Searle p. 370) and -wyn (ibid. p. 523). æt: Anglo-Saxon preposition 'at'. Mældun is dated to 913 in Ekwall p. 297 s.n. Malden. There is a letter of permission to conflict included from his father, Draguin atte Maeldun, who bears Barry wavy argent and gules, a wyvern erect maintaining an axe within a bordure sable (reg. Jan. 1991 via the East).

Oswyn is an existing Anglo-Saxon masculine name; it's found in Ælfwyn æt Gyrwum's "Anglo-Saxon Names" (http://www.s-gabriel/org/names/aelfwyn/bede.html), and discussed in Academy of S. Gabriel report 3107 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/3107): "The name <Oswyn> is derived from the Old English masculine name <Oswine>. Like many Old English names <Oswine> fell out of common use after the Norman invasion" (Withycombe p. 236 s.n. Oswin).

The included permission to conflict isn't necessary: there are two clear differences between the devices in question (one for changing the type of peripheral charge, and another for adding the tertiary charges).

Reina is dated to the 13th century in Withycombe s.n. Regina. It's noted as a name of French origin. fille is an article meaning 'daughter of'. She is willing to drop the fille. Calixte is a header in Dauzat; it's a surname derived from the masculine name Calix, which in turn derives from the Latin name Calixtas, borne by a 3rd century pope and martyr.

Reina is also found in R&W s.n. Rain, dated to 1214. There's a typo on the ILoI: the name of the 3rd c. pope in Dauzat s.n. Calixte is Calixtus, not Calixtas. Also, the summary of the entry isn't quite accurate: Calixte is a personal name, and more rarely a family name; it is derived from the Latin Calixtus (the name of the pope). Calix is listed as a variant of Calixte.

Commenters didn't turn up any names using fille exactly this way, but there is an Avelot, fille de Guillaume Biau-Douz in Colm Dubh's "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html). Also, Michel Popoff's Armorial du Dénombrement de la Comté de Clermont en Beauvaisis (which is a collection of blazons from Picardy during the years 1373-1376) has Tassine fille Jehan du Quesne p. 23 and Jehanne fille Oudart Baudescot p. 30. These all use the father's full name, rather than just his given name. On the other hand, Academy of S. Gabriel report 2857 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2857) endorses either la fille X, Latin filia X, or an unmarked patronymic (X) for a late 12th century Norman woman (where X is her father's given name). The first option is based on the masculine equivalent le fuiz or le fiz, found in R&W s.nn. FitzSimon and Hugh (among others). I believe these examples show enough variation in the use of "fille" to make the submitted usage not impossible, so I've made no changes.

Her name was registered in Mar. 1999 via the East. Her previous device must've been returned in kingdom at some point, because there's no mention of armory on the LoAR.

53 Rúadhnait inghean Ruaidhrí (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

No major changes. She cares most about the sound; the specifics line says "Also OK with spelling Ronnait." Rúadhnait is found s.n. Rúadnat in OCM, p. 158; it's the female form of Rúadán. In the legends of the saints, St. Rúadnat is sister of St. Rúadán of Lorrha. inghean: daughter of. Ruaidhrí: ibid. p. 158 s.n. Ruaidrí says this was a favorite name in medieval Ireland.

Mari's "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/) has Ruaidhrí as the post-1200 nominative and genitive spelling; the pre-1200 form drops the 'h'. Given that Rúadhnait is an early saint's name, the spelling ingen Ruaidrí would be more temporally consistent with it, but the submitted form should be registerable, so I've made no changes. (Oh, and correction to what's on the submission form: inghean means simply 'daughter'; you need the genitive form of the father's name to get the 'of'. In this case, the nominative and genitive forms of the father's name happen to be identical.)

As one commenter noted, there are 21 rowan leaves here, not three, so the word "leaves" has been changed to "sprigs." Also, squirrels are sejant erect by default, so the posture has been dropped from the blazon.

Her name and device (Gules, a fleece argent and in chief a spoon fesswise reversed Or) were registered in May 2004 via the East.

55 Tabitha Johnstone of Annandale (f) - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per chevron vert and azure, two winged spurs Or winged and an increscent argent.

Tabitha is a header in Withycombe; the entry says this is the Aramaic equivalent of Dorcas. "Both names appear in Acts ix for the charitable woman who was raised up by St. Peter. Tabitha, like Dorcas, was common in the 17th century..." Johnstone is submitted as a plausible variant spelling, based on Black s.n. Johnston, which dates Johnestoun 1493 and Jonhstone 1499. Annandale is a header in Johnston's Place Names of Scotland; the entry dates Annanderdale to 1487, but there's no indication of when the modern spelling was adopted.

Gyronny of sixteen Or and gules, a roundel Or fimbriated and on a chief sable a lightning bolt Or.

No major changes. He cares most about Roman AD 165 language and/or culture. He requests authenticity for Roman language/culture and AD 165 time period. Tiberius is a header in The New College Latin and English Dictionary by John C. Traupman, p. 312; the entry mentions Tiberius Claudius Nevo Caesar, successor of Augustus 42 BC - 37 AD. Iulius: Withycombe p. 184 s.n. Julius says this was the name of a Roman gens, the most famous member of which was Caius Julius Caesar. Rufus is used as a cognomen (nickname), because the submitter has red hair. Withycombe p. 260 s.n. Rufus derives this masculine name from Latin rufus 'red-haired'. Also, Cassell's Latin-English Dictionary (Macmillan, 1987) p. 198 has rufus 'red, ruddy'.

According to Meradudd Cethin's "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/names.html), Tiberius is one of the 16 praenomina used most commonly by the Romans. Iulius is listed among the nomina, and Rufus among the cognomina, in the same article.

Sable, two wolf's heads erased respectant and in chief a mullet of four points elongated to base argent.

Per pale sable and purpure, a caltrop Or and on a chief argent, three equal-armed Celtic crosses sable.

This was item 52 on the Sep. 2006 ILoI; it was originally forwarded on the corresponding LoD. However, his name was returned by Laurel on the Aug. 2006 LoAR, so this device must unfortunately be returned for lack of a valid name to attach it to.

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