![[SEAL]](http://ech.eastkingdom.org/ILoIs/Image1.gif)
Lillia de Vaux
eastern.crown@eastkingdom.org
December 5, 2009
Unto the East Kingdom College of Heralds and all others who do read this letter, greetings from Lillia de Vaux, Eastern Crown Herald!
This is the Letter of Decisions for the Internal Letter of Intent dated October 4, 2009. It contains the first batch of the Pennsic submissions and has 50 numbered items. Text in boldface is quoted or summarized from the ILoI, and my comments follow in normal type.
Thank you to the following commenters: Ragnveig Snorradottir, Robert Fairfax, Jeanne Marie Lacroix, Kolosvari Arpadne Julia, Aceline Barrett, Gawain of Miskbridge, Alys Mackyntoich, Brunissende Dragonette, Scolastica la souriete, Palotzi Marti, and Eleazar ha-Levi. In addition, thank you to all of the heralds at Pennsic who made these submissions possible.
1: Aine Oliphant - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Gules semy of roses Or, a unicorn's head couped argent, armed Or
Note that the Pennsic worksheet indicated that only minor changes were allowed and that spelling was most important, but this information was not captured on the submission form. Áine is noted as both the Middle and Early Modern Irish Gaelic forms of a name found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Áine" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Aine.shtml). The name occurred 13 times in the Annals, dated between 1165 and 1448. The raw data in the article omit the accent. Oliphant is a name of Norman origin found as a header in Black (p. 637), which includes the spellings <Olifaunt> (1317), <Olyphand>/<Olyfant> (1326), and <Olifant> (1459). The submitted spelling seems to be a plausible variant.
The byname is also found as submitted in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names of women mentioned in the Perth Guildry Book 1464-1598" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/scots/perth.html), dated 1553. The combination of Gaelic and either Anglo-Norman or Scots is a step from period practice [Aodagán Duueglas, 09/2005; Elspeth O'Shea, 02/2000].2: Alton of Grimfells - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Azure estoilly argent, a sun Or eclipsed sable
The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Alton is the submitter's legal middle name according to his birth certificate, as attested by the consulting herald and name senior herald on duty. The submission also notes that surnames were used as given names in late period England according to Withycombe (p. xli):
An interesting post-Reformation development was the use of surnames as christian names. One of the earliest examples noted is Lord Guildford Dudley, son of the Duke of Northumberland and husband of Lady Jane Grey, whose mother's maiden name was Guildford. Another early example was Sir Warham St. Leger (1525-97), whose mother was d. and heiress of Hugh Warham, and whose nephew was also named Warham St. Leger. The fashion became fairly general among the landed gentry in Elizabeth's reign, and apparently gave rise to some criticism.This is followed by a quote from a work by Camden written in 1605 which observes that the practice "seemeth to proceed from hearty good will", preserving the names of godfathers and the like.
of Grimfells is a locative byname based on the branch name <Grimfells, March of>, registered in 11/1982 via the Middle. There is a precedent concerning using middle names via the legal name allowance: basically, if a middle name is "structurally" a given name, then it can be used as a given name. If it is structurally a surname, then it can only be used as a surname [DeWayne of Locks, 10/1999, Outlands-R]. This precedent was upheld a few years ago [Cameron de Blakstan, LoAR 01/2005, Outlands-R].
In a name currently under discussion [Courtney of the White Meadow, 08/2009 xLoI, Caid], it was noted that the examples of surnames as given names from late period England were locative in nature. As Alton is a place name (Ekwall, s.nn. Alton), its use fits this pattern and should be registerable.
The device is clear of Irja Laulaa (03/1971), Azure, a sun eclipsed, winged Or, with a CD for adding the estoilles and another for removing the wings. (Noir Licorne requested a reblazon of that armory, as the emblazon shows a winged pellet, not a winged sun.) It was also felt that it was clear of Alesia la Sabia de Murcia (10/1994, Atlantia), Azure estencely argent, a sun in splendor between three increscents Or, with CDs for the eclipsing and removal of the increscents.
3: Amand le Braceeur - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Azure, a maple leaf and on a base engrailed Or a natural salamander tergiant fesswise reversed gules
The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Meaning (French for 'brewer') most important. Amand is found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names Found in Commercial Documents from Bordeaux, 1470-1520" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/bordeaux.html), with the example <Amand Robert> and a note that the name is from the Latin <Amandus>. le Braceeur is based on <le braceeur>, a byname meaning 'brewer' from Colm Dubh, "Occupational By-Names in the 1292 Tax Role of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/parisbynames.html).
According to R&W (s.n. Amand, p. 10), this spelling is found as a byname dated 1279 and was the name of four saints. Amand is also a header in Morlet Dictionnaire (p. 37), which states that it was derived from the Latin Amandus and was "popularized by a bishop from Bordeaux (5th century) and Maestricht (7th century), monk of Aquitaine, evangelist from Gaulish Belgium" (translation mine) . According to the Catholic Encyclopedia (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01380b.htm), the latter was attached to the court of Dagobert I (who ruled from Paris). That he was still venerated several centuries later can be shown by a 13th reliquary now in the Walters Art Museum (http://art.thewalters.org/viewwoa.aspx?id=22284).
4: Amis Mwyn - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Or, a saltire azure fretted of a mascle gules
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Language (Welsh) most important. Culture (Welsh) most important. Amis is a 13th century name found in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyintro.html), s.n. Amis. Mwyn is found in Morgan and Morgan (s.n. Mwyndeg, p. 170), with the examples <Lewis ap Richard, alias mwyn>, dated 1614, and <Willemum ap Ieuan moyn>, dated 1595. The combination of English and Welsh is not a step from period practice [Cover Letter, 08/1999].
The given name is also found in this spelling in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "16th Century Gloucestershire Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/late16.html) and "Names found in Quedgeley, Glouchestershire Marriage Registers 1559-1600" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/quedgeley.html), the latter occurrence dated 1573.
5: Angus Sutherland - New Device forwarded
Per pale gules and sable, a Latin cross between three mullets Or
His name was registered in 11/1994 via Calontir.
6: Arabella of the Black lion - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. Arabella is found in Withycombe [s.n. Arabel(l)a, pp. 29-30], with <Arabella Stuart> dated 1575-1615. of the Black lion is a constructed inn sign name based on Gretchen Beck, "Inn, Shop, or House names found in imprints from the EEBO database, 1473-1600" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/sign-of-the.html). This article includes <signe (or sygne) of the Red lion> and <signe (or sygne) of the Black beare>.
The name was originally submitted as Arabella of Blacklion. Arabella is a (primarily Scottish) feminine name dated to 1255 in Withycombe s.n. Arabel(la) (p. 29). In OSCAR commentary on another Arabella (June 2009 Meridies LoI), Nicholas de Estleche dictus le Tardif (Edelweiss) cited <Arabella Cokayn bap. 19 Nov. 1631, Souldrop, Bedfordshire> and <Arabella Fysher bap. 24 Oct. 1575, Toddington, Bedfordshire> (IGI Parish Record extracts). Commenters couldn't find evidence of Blacklion, so I have changed it to Arabella of the Black lion to better match the documentation. Arabella atte Black lion and Arabella del Black lion are also supported by R&W (pp. xv-xvi; s.nn. Lamb, Bell, Hatt) and Bardsley (pp. 8-9), which briefly discuss inn sign surnames. Examples included <William atte Lamme> (1320), <John atte Bell> (1332), and <Thomas del Hat>. (1273).
7: Aureliana Curva - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Gules, a triangle inverted between three spiders argent
The submitter desires a female name. Client requests authenticity for Roman. Language and culture (Roman) most important. Aureliana is found in Berret Chavez, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/early_byz_names.html), s.n. Aureliana, p. 2. It appears twice between the years 527 and 641. The names were compiled from The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire; it should be noted that the names in this database have been Latinized and normalized. Curva is the feminine form of <Curvus>, a male cognomen dated to 322 and listed in Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/).
The device is clear of Sven of the Outlands (01/2001, Outlands), Gules, on a triangle inverted Or a Thor's hammer sable, with one CD for changing the tincture of the primary charge, another for adding secondary charges, and a third for removing the tertiary charge.
8: Barbeta Kyrkeland - New Device forwarded
Vert, a hedgehog statant and on a chief Or three oak leaves bendwise sinister vert
Her name was registered in 02/2008 via the East.
The device is clear of Eleanor Spencer (09/2006, Meridies), Vert, a hedgehog statant contourny Or its quills impaling grapes gules between three cinquefoils Or, with one CD for the chief, one for the addition of the tertiary charge, and another for the facing of the hedgehog. It is also clear of Xena Baxter Wynthorpe (03/1984, Caid), Vert, a hedgehog statant Or, with a CD for the chief and another for the addition of the tertiary charges. Lastly, it is clear of Kathleen O'Donnelly (03/1986, West), Vert, a cinquefoil and on a chief Or three leaves vert, by X.2.
9: Beatrice Spigliati - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Sound and meaning (close to 'Betty Spaghetti') most important. Beatrice is a female given name that occurs twice (out of 2664 women) in Juliana de Luna, "A Listing of all Women's Given Names from the Condado Section of the Florence Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/condado/womensalpha.html. Spigliati is a family name that appears twice in the Castato of 1427 according to Ferrante LaVolpe, "Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/family_names.html).
If the submitter truly wishes a name that's closer to 'Betty Spaghetti', Noir Licorne noted that <Betty vz David, and Lewys ap Edd> appears in a burial record from 1561 in Shropshire, England (ancestry.com); this entry did not appear to have been normalized. If <Betty> is ruled a Scots name, the combination of Scots and Italian is a step from period practice, but registerable [Laertes McBride, 08/1999]; likewise, English/Italian is a step from period practice [Veronica de Halloway, 09/1999]. Changing the language, however, is a major change, which the submitter does not allow, so I am forwarding the name as submitted.
10: Brighid of the Black lion - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. Sound ('Blacklion') most important. Brighid is found in OC&M (s.n. Brigit, pp. 36-7), which states that there were 15 saints of this name, including Saint Brigit of Kildare. The consulting herald states that the submitted spelling is the Early Modern Irish form. of the Black lion is a constructed inn sign name based on Gretchen Beck, "Inn, Shop, or House names found in imprints from the EEBO database, 1473-1600" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/sign-of-the.html). This article includes <signe (or sygne) of the Red lion> and <signe (or sygne) of the Black beare>.
The name was originally submitted as Brighid of Blacklion. Two instances of the given name in the submitted spelling are found in Talan Gwynek, "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16alpha.html. According to precedent, Brighid is the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of the name, and is registerable as a saint's name." [Brygyt d'Arcy of Glen Meara, 06/2003 LoAR, R-Trimaris]. Commenters couldn't find evidence of Blacklion, so I have changed it to Brighid of the Black lion to better match the documentation. Brighid atte Black lion and Brighid del Black lion are also supported by R&W (pp. xv-xvi; s.nn. Lamb, Bell, Hatt) and Bardsley (pp. 8-9), which briefly discuss inn sign surnames. Examples included <William atte Lamme> (1320), <John atte Bell> (1332), and <Thomas del Hat> (1273). The combination of English and Gaelic is a step from period practice [Ian MacHenrik, 10/99 LoAR].
11: Connor Roe - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Paly sable and argent, a chief gules
The submitter desires a male name and requests authenticity for 16th century England. Sound (unspecified) most important. (Note that the Pennsic worksheet stated that he cared most about 15th century English language/culture, but the authenticity request on the submission form was for 16th century English.)
Connor is a masculine given name found in Withycombe [s.n. Con(n)or, p. 72], which states that it is from <Conc(h)ub(h)ar> in Irish mythology, and that it is a common Christian name in Ireland. The 01/2009 LoAR was also cited:
There was some question whether Connor was an anglicization used in period for the Irish name Conchobhair [sic]. This spelling occurs in Fynes Morrison, An itinerary vvritten by Fynes Moryson Gent. First in the Latine tongue, and then translated by him into English: containing his ten yeeres trauell through the tvvelue dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Jtaly, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. Diuided into III parts. The I. part. Containeth a iournall through all the said twelue dominions: shewing particularly the number of miles, the soyle of the country, the situation of cities, the descriptions of them, with all monuments in each place worth the seeing, as also the rates of hiring coaches or horses from place to place, with each daies expences for diet, horse-meate, and the like. The II. part. Containeth the rebellion of Hugh, Earle of Tyrone, and the appeasing thereof: written also in forme of a iournall. The III. part. Containeth a discourse vpon seuerall heads, through all the said seuerall dominions, Part II, Book I, p 86, where it mentions a Connor Roe MacGuyre in an event occurring in 1600. This work was published in 1617, so it puts the Anglicization Connor in the gray area [Connor MacConmara, 01/2008 LoAR, A-Ansteorra].Additionally <Connor> appears among the names from Patent Rolls of James I (1603-1604) listed in Ewen, C. L'Estrange, A History of Surnames of the British Isles (Originally pubished: London, 1931. Reprinted for Clearfield Company, Inc. by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. Baltimore, Maryland, 1993, 1995). pp. 210-211.
In a footnote on p. 210, Ewen notes that his source was: "Cal. of Irish Patent Rolls, vol. ii, p. 17 et seq."
[Quote from a paragraph on p. 210:] "Patent Rolls for I Jas. I (1603-4) preserve lists of pardons granted to Irishmen concerned in recent disturbances, and contain hundreds of names, the descriptions being very complete, including both patronymic and clan name as well as "nickname" in some cases."
The portion of this list on p. 210 includes the name: Connor O'Moyle O'Fahie of Lickmolashe, clerk
Roe is found in R&W (s.n. Roe, p. 381), with <William le Roe> dated to 1170.
Note that a <Connor Roe MacGuyre> is mentioned in the cited precedent; as such, Connor Roe should be registerable. The combination of Anglicized Irish and English is one step from period practice [Gareth McGilchrist, 11/2004].
12: Corgon of Glenn Linn - New Name returned & New Device returned
Gules, three frogs tergiant argent, in chief two barley stalks in saltire between two hop cones Or
The submitter desires a male name. Meaning (spelling) most important. Corgon is the name of a legendary metalworker (<Corgon(>) from Nitra, Slovakia, who saved the town by repelling the Ottoman Turks (Margarete Hurn, "The Foreigner's Guide to Living in Slovakia: As Mighty as Corgon", http://www.fgslovakia.com/2008/5/26/mighty-corgon; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corgon). of Glenn Linn is a locative byname based on <Glenn Linn, Shire of>, registered in 05/1989 via the East.
Wikipedia by itself is not considered acceptable documentation; and the second article merely quoted the Wikipedia article, rendering it useless for our purposes. Even if these articles were acceptable, they only support the name Corgon as being the name of a legendary or mythical figure at some point in the past. No evidence was provided that this given name was used by humans in our period, and the only other occurrence that commenters found was from 1826. Barring such additional information, this name must be returned. Unfortunately, because kingdom cannot create holding names, I am forced to return the device as well.
13: Elizabeth la Brouillarde and Alastair Corran - New Badge forwarded
Sable, a rose slipped and leaved and in chief a death's head argent
According to the forms, this submission is to be associated with Elizabeth la Brouillarde (08/2002, East), but jointly owned with Alastair Corran (06/2004, East), so both are listed above. Elizabeth's device, Azure, in chevron inverted seven mullets and in chief a gem ring Or gemmed gules , was registered in 11/2004, also via the East.
The death's head is a secondary charge. This badge is clear of Madeleine Rose de Cardeville (02/2007, Calontir), Sable, a rose argent barbed and seeded proper and a tierce argent ermined gules, with CDs for changing the type and tincture of the secondary charge. It is technically clear of Christiana O'Ruarke (01/2002, Ansteorra), Sable, in pale a swan naiant and a rose argent, with a CD for changing the number of primary charges and another for adding a secondary charge. Lastly, it is clear of Æduuard of Haxeholm (11/1993, Calontir), Sable, masoned argent, a rose and a chief embattled argent, with a CD for changing the field and another for changing the type of secondary charge.
14: Erika Rothals - Resub Badge forwarded
Per bend checky gules and argent and checky argent and sable, in bend sinister a tankard Or between an ant sable and an ant gules, heads to center
Her name was registered in 12/1996 via Atlantia. A device, Per pale checky argent and gules and checky sable and argent, an emmet statant erect contourny sable maintaining a beer mug Or, and an emmet statant erect gules maintaining a beer mug Or, was returned on the 04/2009 LoAR (East):
This is returned for unrecognizability. The primary charges are not heraldic ants, they appear to be a mix of ant and grasshopper. Additionally, they are not presented in a period posture for ants, which, combined with the checky field, renders them unidentifiable.
The device has been redesigned and resubmitted as a badge instead of a device.
The device was reblazoned to correct the orientation of the tankard (by default, a tankard has its handle to sinister).
15: Esclarmonde al-Andalusiyya - New Name forwarded
No major changes. Meaning ('Esclaremonde from Andalus') most important. Note that a branch name submission form was used at Herald's Point rather than an individual name form; the information has been transferred onto the correct form. The form included two different spellings of the given name: the "Society Name" was <Esclarmonde>, and the "Name being submitted (if different from above)" was <Esclaremonde>. The Internal Letter of Intent used the latter as the filing name in EK-OSCAR, as that was the spelling on the Pennsic worksheet. Lastly, the desired meaning was found on the worksheet, but wasn't included on the submission form. Esclaremonde was purportedly a feminine given name found in Cateline de la Mor, "Names from Fourteenth Century Foix", (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/cateline/foix.html). The introduction of this article states that the spellings can't be trusted, as they were translated from Latin into modern French. al-Andalusiyya is the feminine form of <al-Andalus{i-}> 'from Andalus' found in Juliana de Luna, "Arabic Names from al-Andalus" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/). Feminization of male names is discussed in Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm). This article states that you generally add -a(h) unless the male name ends in -i, in which case you add -yya(h).The spelling of the given name that appeared in the cited documentation was Esclarmonde; the spelling has been corrected to reflect this. Esclarmonde is also the love interest of the titular character in an Old French chanson de geste (and its subsequent sequels) from the 13th century, Huon de Bordeaux: Chanson de geste du XIIIe siècle, publiée d'après le manuscrit de Paris BNF fr. 22555, P (transl. William W. Kibler, François Suard; http://books.google.com/books?id=VjhlAAAAMAAJ; Paris: Champion, 2003). As such, the name should be registerable under the literary name allowance. The combination of French and Arabic is a step from period practice [al-'Aliyya Lyonnais, 07/2006].
16: Eva Brangwyne - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Azure, a leviathan within a bordure nebuly argent
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Sound (phonetic) most important. Eva is found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/welsh13.html), under the header form <Eve>. Brangwyne is found in R&W (s.n. Brangwin, p. 61), with <Adam Brangwyne> dated to 1283. The depiction of the leviathan is based on an image at http://www.strangescience.net/enlar/en_whayng.gif, a printout of which was included in the submission.
According to the cited website, the picture of the leviathan was originally published in Icones Animalium, which appears to be Icones animalium quadrupedum viviparorum et oviparorum? by Conrad (or Konrad) Gesner. There are several editions that are period or grey period - 1553, 1560, 1606. The 1553 edition has been digitalized and is available at http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/214/. It also appears in Gessner's Fischbuch published in 1598 (image 206. http://www.humi.mita.keio.ac.jp/treasures/nature/Gesner-web/fish/html/normal/l206.html).
The device is clear of Macaire Tempest (01/1991, Middle), Azure, a thunderbolt Or within a bordure nebuly argent, and Ása at Hrafnavatni (02/2007, Middle), Azure, three ravens rising within a bordure nebuly argent, by X.2. The device may conflict with the badge of the Barony of Aquaterra for <Order of the Silver Dolphin> (08/2002, An Tir), Azure, a dolphin and a bordure nebuly argent, with potentially only one CD for changing the type of primary charge unless the charges are ruled to be substantially different by X.2.
17: Feradach mac Ciain - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Per bend embattled gules and Or, a demi-sun and a lynx passant counterchanged
The submitter desires a male name. Sound (unspecified) most important. The name was submitted as Federach mac Cian. Federach is the documented as the modern form of the name of the legendary prince and father of St. Fillan (Macnab Clan Memorial Trust: http://www.macnabclanuk.org/history2.html). However, this spelling could not be found in our period. Feradach, however, is found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/irish100/), s.n. Federach. This article includes the most popular of the names found in M.A. O'Brien's Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae, in which <Feradach> appeared 29 times. mac Cian 'son [of] Cian', is based on OC&M, s.n. Cian (p. 51), which includes a <Cian mac Mael Moad> who was slain in battle in 1014. The submitter notes that the patronymic should be in the genitive case, but neither he nor the consulting herald could determine what that should be. The submitter is willing to accept Feradach.
Feradach is found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Feradach.shtml), years 582-1542. Cian (ibid., http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cian.shtml appears in years 867-1577. Based on genitive forms of other names in Tangwystyl's article, commenters thought that the genitive form of Cian would be Ciain. The name has been changed to Feradach mac Ciain to better match the documentation.
The device is clear of Nigellus le Haie (05/1983, Middle), Per bend embattled gules and azure, issuant from sinister chief a demi-sun Or, with CDs for the change in tincture of half of the field and the number of primary charges.
18: Fionnghuala inghean Mhic Ceallaigh - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Argent, a rose purpure seeded and barbed proper, on a chief engrailed purpure two swans naiant respectant argent
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Language and culture (12th to 14th century Irish) most important. Fionnghuala is found in OC&M (p. 103, s.n. Finnguala), which states that the name was an "extremely popular name in Ireland in the later Middle Ages." inghean Mhic Ceallaigh means "daughter [of the] Mac Ceallaigh [family]". Woulfe (p. 330, s.n. Mac Ceallaigh) dates the Anglicized Irish form <M'Kelly> to temp Elizabeth I-James I. The consulting herald notes that C- does not lenite after -c.
Fionnghuala is also found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Fionnghuala.shtml), which gives 26 instances of the name dated between 1247 and 1531, all in Early Modern Irish Gaelic. Ceallaigh (ibid.) is the Early Modern Irish genitive form of the masculine given name <Ceallach>, found in years 1251-1376 (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cellach.shtml). Sharon Kross, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names, 3rd Edition" in its discussion of Complex Byname Styles, appears to support (albeit indirectly), the formation <inhgean Mhic> for the meaning "daughter of the <given name>'s family". (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#complexbyname. The name is clear of Phiala O'Ceallaigh (05/1994, East).
19: Francesco Gaetano Greco d'Edessa - New Badge forwarded
(Fieldless) A patriarchal cross flory per pale argent and Or
His name was registered in 06/2004 via the East. His device, Azure, a Latin cross flory and on a chief Or, three compass stars gules, was registered in 08/1993, also via the East. He also has three badges, registered in 09/2004 (reblazoned 11/2006), 07/2006, and 07/2006. If the current submission is registered, this will be his fifth piece of armory; this is below the limit of six allowed by the Administrative Handbook.
20: Franz von Heilbronn - Resub Device forwarded
Sable, a lynx Or and a bear argent combatant, in chief an annulet Or
His name was registered in 11/2003 via the East. His original device submission, Sable, a bear argent and a lynx combatant between three annulets engrailed on the outer edge and invected on the inner edge Or, was returned on the 03/2007 LoAR for a lack of identifiability due to the non-period style of the annulets. This submission replaces those annulets with one plain-line annulet, and switches the placement of the bear and lynx.
21: Friedrich Parcifal von Österreich - New Name Change forwarded
Old Item: Friedrich Parcifal, to be retained. The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Sound (Osterreich) most important. His current name was registered 02/2009 via the East; thus, both of those elements are grandfathered to him. The name was originally submitted as Friedrich Parcifal von Osterreich. von Österreich is a locative byname based on <Österreich Herald>, dated 1440, found in Juliana de Luna, "Heraldic Titles from the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Dictionary of Period Forms" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/jes/HeraldicTitles/dictionary.shtml). This was a German heraldic title that was locative in origin and derived from the title of the dukes of Austria. On the Pennsic worksheet, the submitter has indicated that he will only accept changes to the spelling of the locative if needed.
The consulting herald noted that the submitter would be fine with either von Osterreich or von Österreich. One commenter noted that <Österreich> is the modern German name for the country of Austria, and that the spelling <Oesterreich> would also be appropriate. Brechenmacher's entry for "Öst(e)rreicher" has the forms "der Österrich" from 1338 and "der Öusterrich" from 1350. The spelling "Oestereich" is found on a map of Vienna published in 1578 (http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/munster/germany/xvienna1578.jpg). The dieresis has been added to the byname to match the spelling found in Juliana's article.
22: Galefridus Peregrinus - New Alternate Name forwarded
Taguchi Moronaga
His name was registered in 06/2006 via the East. The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. The client requests authenticity for Japanese Hei'an period. Language and culture (Japanese Hei'an period) most important. Moronaga is a Hei'an period given name (nanori meaning 'teacher/expert' found in NCMJ (revised edition, p. 111, under Thematic Dictionary - Spatial Relationships, Long/oldest/senior). Taguchi (ibid., p. 100; found under Mouth/entrance/exit) is a Hei'an period family name meaning 'rice paddy'. Both elements are dated 1183. On the Pennsic worksheet, the submitter asked that the name be returned if the authenticity request cannot be met.
23: Gareth Grey de Wilton - New Badge returned
(Fieldless) On a tower argent a cross formy gules
His name was registered in 02/2005, and his device, Per bend embattled argent and gules, a cross clechy gules, in 09/2007, both via the East.
Plain crosses and cross pommetty have been ruled to be the equivalent of arrow slits and thus not worth a CD, whereas crosses such as Celtic crosses are considered to be tertiary charges [Matillis atte Hethe 01/2007; Conogan mab Rioc 01/2008]. There is no ruling as to whether a cross formy is considered to be equivalent to an arrow slit or a tertiary charge; however, this badge conflicts with other registered armory under either interpretation. In the case of the former, there are multiple conflicts. In the case of the latter, it conflicts with Iain MacQuarrie (11/2001, East), Quarterly vert and sable, on a tower argent a fret gules with a CD for fieldlessness but nothing for changing only the type of tertiary charge (since a tower is not a suitable charge - it cannot be voided - under RfS X.4.j.ii). As such, this badge is being returned for conflict.
24: Gilleain of the Black lion - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Argent, on a bend purpure between four lions couchant sable three plates
The submitter desires a male name. Sound ('Blacklion') most important. Gilleain is a Gaelic given name found in Black (s.n. MacLean, p. 536), which notes that this spelling was found in "the Gaelic geneology MS of 1467." of the Black lion is a constructed inn sign name based on Gretchen Beck, "Inn, Shop, or House names found in imprints from the EEBO database, 1473-1600" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/sign-of-the.html). This article includes <signe (or sygne) of the Red lion> and <signe (or sygne) of the Black beare>.
The name was originally submitted as Gilleain of Blacklion. The combination of English and Gaelic is a step from period practice [Ian MacHenrik, 10/1999]. Commenters couldn't find evidence of Blacklion, so I have changed it to Gilleain of the Black lion to better match the documentation. Gilleain atte Black lion and Gilleain del Black lion are also supported by R&W (pp. xv-xvi; s.nn. Lamb, Bell, Hatt) and Bardsley (pp. 8-9), which briefly discuss inn sign surnames. Examples included <William atte Lamme> (1320), <John atte Bell> (1332), and <Thomas del Hat> (1273).
25: James the Archer - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Per fess gules and azure, on a fess engrailed argent an arrow sable
The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Language and culture (English) most important. James is a header form dated c. 1240 and 1255 in Withycombe (pp. 170-2) and R&W (p. 252), respectively. the Archer is a descriptive byname based on <Hugh le Archer>, found in R&W (s.n. Archer, p. 13) dated 1199, and in Bardsley (s.n. Archer, p. 58) during the reigns of Henry III and Edward I, and in 1275 and 1375. The submitter prefers "the", but will accept "le" if necessary. (Note: dropping the article leaves us with his mundane name.)
James is also found in Karen Larsdatter, "An Index to the 1296 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Rutland, England" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/Rutland/index.htm), dated 1296. The submitted byname, which changes the Anglo-Norman <le> to the English <the> is acceptable under the lingua anglica allowance. The device is clear of the important non-SCA arms of Luxemburg and the Netherlands (12/1994), Per fess gules and azure, a fess argent, with CDs for the engrailing of the fess and the addition of a tertiary charge.
26: Joan of Coggeshall - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Per pale gules and sable, three wagon wheels and a chief Or
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Meaning (spelling) most important. Joan is described as the third most common English name in the 16th century according to Withycombe (s.n. Joan, pp. 176-7). Coggeshall is a header in Ekwall (p. 110) and R&W (p. 104), but this exact spelling is not found in those sources. However, Ekwall includes <Coggeshal> (1168, 1191), and Bardsley (s.n. Cogswell, p. 193) includes <Roger de Cogeshall> (1273) and <Ralph de Coggeshal> (tempus Henry III-Edward I). The submitted spelling, therefore, is a plausible variant. The submitter states that, if <Coggeshall> must be changed, she will accept <Cogeshall>.
The given name is also dated to 1219-1279 (among other, later, dates) in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyHZ.html).
27: Kara Irini bint Todori - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. Meaning ('Irini' spelling) most important. All name elements are found in Ursula Georges, "Sixteenth-Century Turkish Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ursula/ottoman/). Irini is a feminine given name (Christian). Kara is a descriptive byname meaning 'dark, unlucky, gloomy'; the text states that descriptive bynames are often prepended. bint 'daughter of' is found in many complete names, including Christian ones. Todori is a masculine given name (Christian).
28: Katerina de la Bere - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Per pale indented argent and vert, a bear rampant and a bell counterchanged
No changes. Katerina is found in R&W (s.n. Catlin, p. 87), with <Katerina, Katelina de Souston> dated to 1275. An example of de la Bere (ibid., s.n. Bear, p. 34) is <Walter de la Bere>, 1263.
Katerina is also found s.n. Katharine dated to 1208-1479 in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyHZ.html).
29: Lü An-Hua - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Gules, in pale two delfs voided Or
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Client requests authenticity for unspecified unspecified language, but presumably Chinese. Sound (unspecified) most important. An is dated to 1081-c. 1140 in Yin Mei Li, "Feminine Chinese Names" (KWHSS Proceedings, 2003, Calontir, p. 22). It is found under the section on historical feminine names. An example is <Li Ch'ing-chao>, a poetess known by her literary name of <I An> (Wade-Giles romanization) or <Yi An> (pinyin romanization). Hua 'flower bud/flower heart' is dated to the 10th century (ibid., p. 12). An example is <Lady Fei>, a concubine of Ming Ch'ang, who was also known as <Hua Jui Fu-jen>. Lü is found in the Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 2346 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2346/), dating from c. 1100-1500:
<Lu:3> [Lu:3] translates as, "vertebrae; musical tunes." (The colon, ':,' represents an umlat, or two dots, over the preceeding letter.) Pronounced lu: with 'u:' like the 'ue' in <Dueseldorf> (Honan, Kiangsi, and other provinces). [<3> indicates a low dipping tone when spoken.]
The name should be clear of Lung Hua (04/2004, Calontir). The device is clear of various devices of the form Gules, an [x] within a delf voided Or; if the delf is a coprimary charge, then there are CDs for changing the type of half of the charges and the arrangement, and if the delf is secondary, the device is clear by X.2.
30: Máirghréad Ghearr - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Per bend gules and vert, a bend between a thistle and a dragon argent
No major changes. Meaning ('Margaret the not so tall (short)') most important. Both name elements are found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index to Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/). Máirghréad is a Early Modern Irish (EMI) nominative form and appears 26 times in the Annals, years 1361-1662 (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Mairghread.shtml). Ghearr is the EMI lenited nominative form of <Gearr> , a descriptive byname meaning 'short/low-sized' (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Mairghread.shtml). It appears four times in the Annals, years 1228-1473.
31: Maurin Lessault - New Household Name forwarded & New Badge forwarded
Stonebridge Gambol House
Azure, a dance between two winged feet argent
No major changes. Spelling ('Gambol' spelling preferred to 'Gamble') most important. The submitter's name and device, Vert, a sea-stag, erect and sinister facing, in chief three escallops Or, were registered in 03/1990 via Caid. Stonebridge is a header form in R&W (p. 429), with <Walter de Stanbrugg> dated to 1296. Gambol is intended to be a surname appended to the place name. It has been interpolated from Bardsley (s.nn. Gamble and Gambling, pp. 806-7), which dates <Johannes Gamolson> to 1379; <Gambling> is listed as a diminutive, with <Margaret Gamblin> dated to 1625-6. This household name is intended to be derived from a compound placename.
32: Melina Delabarge - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Or, a chevron and a bordure embattled sable
The submitter desires a female name. Sound ('Melina de La Berge') most important. Melina is found in Juliana de Luna, "A Listing of all Women's Given Names from the Condado Section of the Florence Catasto of 1427" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/condado/womensalpha.html), where it appears once out of 2664 names. Delabarge is a surname found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Artois, 1601" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/french/french1601.html), where it appears once out of approximately 600 men's and women's names. The submitter prefers the spelling <de La Berge> (with any appropriate capitalization), so any assistance documenting it is appreciated.
The combination of Italian and French is a step from period practice [Tessa Cheval Tessa Cheval, 11/2000]. The name was submitted as Melina DeLabarge, but no documentation was submitted for that particular spelling. The name was changed to better match the documentation.
The device is clear of Freydís in tryggva Sigurðardóttir (02/2001, Middle), Or, a chevron between three birds close sable, by X.4, with CDs for changing the line of division of the chevron and the type and number of the secondary charges. Commenters thought that it was likely clear of Heinrich Alois von Speyer (08/1988, Middle), Or, a chevron throughout sable and in base a campfire sable, enflamed gules, with a CD for the type of secondary charge, and another possibly from the change of tincture of the secondary charge (Heinrich's campfire is primarily gules, not sable).
33: Molly Schofield - Resub Device forwarded
Per bend sinister gules and argent, a sun counterchanged
Her name was registered in 02/2009 via the East. Her previous device submission, Gules, in fess two crossbows and on a chief argent, two mullets of four points elongated to base gules, was withdrawn on the same letter.
The device is clear of Dagmar von Zeitz (08/2002, Meridies), Per bend Or and gules, a sun counterchanged, with CDs for the change to the field and the reversing of the tinctures of the primary charge. It is also clear of Gareth Ivinghoe (02/1991, West), Per saltire gules and Or, a sun counterchanged, with CDs for the change of the field, and for the changes to the tinctures of the field and charge. Lastly, it is clear of Malcolm Fraser the Impatient (11/2002, AEthelmearc), Per pale azure and Or, a sun counterchanged, for the same reasons.
34: Nicholas de Marays - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Gules, on a bend between two phoenixes argent, three mullets of seven points gules
The submitter desires a male name. No changes. Nicholas is a header in Withycombe (pp. 227-8), with this spelling dated to 1273. de Marays is a byname found in Guisborough Priory, William Brown, Cartularium prioratus de Gyseburne, Ebor. dioeceseos, Ordinis s. Augustini (vol. 86, 1889, p. 86; http://books.google.com/books?id=6hpal1cnegkC), dated 1333-4.
The documentation supports both <de Marays> and <de la Marays>. Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "An Index to the 1332 Lay Subsidy Rolls for Lincolnshire, England," (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/LincLSR/) also contains evidence of the unmarked surname <Marays> and for <Nicholas> as one of the most popular masculine given names.
35: Perronnelle de Croy - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Argent, on a pale azure between two lions combattant gules three fleurs de lys argent
The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Language and culture (French) most important. Perronnelle is found in Colm Dubh, "Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html), which lists a <Perronnelle la Loque>. de Croy is found in Morlet Picardie (p. 45), dated to 1300-1399; an example is <Bertremardus De Croy>, 1340.
The given name appears in a similar spelling, <Perrenelle> in Chrestiene la pescheresse, "Caidan KWHSS Procedings: Some Names From Picardy in the 14th c. - From Armorial du dénombrement de la Comté de Clermont en Beauvaisis 1373-1376" (2007).
36: Petra Zenniaskii - New Name Change From Holding Name forwarded
Old Item: Petra of Silver Rhylle, to be released. No major changes. His name was originally submitted as <Petra Zennia Velikaiaskii>, which was returned on the 02/2009 LoAR (East):
This is returned because of problems with the byname. The byname Zennia Velikaiaskii was intended to be a locative byname based on the place Zennia Velikaia. Unfortunately, no documentation was provided to show that in Russian, locative bynames based on compound place names used the full place name. On the contrary, we have evidence that this was not done. Carp notes that of "all the locative examples [of Novgorod] in Wickenden, none use the Velikii that was frequently appended when referring to the city itself." This suggests that the appropriate Russian locative byname based on Zennia Velikaia would be formed from Zennia alone. For a man, this would give the byname Zenniaskii. We would change the name to Petra Zenniaskii, but the submitter does not allow major changes, such as dropping an element.
The submitter will not allow changes to <Petra>, but is accepting the advice of Pelican for the byname.
Petra is identified as a masculine given name, diminutive of Petr, in Wickenden (3rd edition, s.n. Petr (dims), pp. 265-6), with an example, <Petra Pakich> (1552). Zennia Velikaia is a header (ibid., p. 439, Place Names), and is identified as having been founded in the 12th century. According to the information on p. xxix, locative bynames are created by adding an adjectival suffix, usually -skii/-skoi/-skyi.
37: Phelippe du Peiregore - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Argent, a bend sinister sable between three gouttes in bend sinister and a cross formy gules
The submitter desires a male name. Sound (Philippe) most important. The name was originally submitted as <Philippe du Périgord>. Philippe is a given name dated to 1403 in Chrestiene la pescheresse, "Caidan KWHSS Proceedings: Personal names found in the 'Armorial des rois de l'épinette de Lille 1283-1486': a sampling of male names from the North of France between the 13th and 15th century" (2007). du Périgord is a locative byname based on <Périgueux>, the capital of the "comté de Périgord" between the 9th and 13th centuries. It is found in Dauzat & Rostaing (1963 edn.), s.n. Périgord, pp. 525-6.
According Dauzat & Rostaing, the name of the city was called <Petrocoriorium> in 400, <Petrecors> in the 8th century, <Pierregoils> in 1363-4, and <Peiregus> in the 15th century. A similar entry to Dauzat & Rostaing is found in Morlet Dictionnaire, in which it is also stated that it was the Gaullish capital city of the Petrocorii [people]. Upon further research, it was found that Le Périgord is the name of the region around the city of Périgueux. The region itself was called <pagum Petrocorecum> (7th century), <pagus Petragoricus> (781), and <Peiregore> (12th century). Unfortunately, no evidence was included that the submitted spelling was used in our period. The name has been changed to use a period spelling of the region and to avoid a step from period practice for the temporal disparity between the 15th century Philippe and the 12th century du Peiregore. Phelip(p)e appears in Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris " (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html), in the names <Phelippe l'escremisséeur> and <Phelipe de Pontaise [un] mari>. If the submitter is interested in being named after the city rather than the region, Philippe de Peiregus would be a 15th century form of the name.
38: Rayya al Amiriya - New Name Change returned
Old Item: Katriona Silverswan, was to be released. The submitter desires a female name. Meaning (Arabic, 'Rayya associated with Amiri') most important. Her original name, <Katriona Silverswan>, was registered in 01/1992 via the East. The name was submitted as <Rayya al Amiriya>. Rayya is a feminine Arabic given name (ism) found in Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm). This article also discusses feminization of names. al Amiriya is a byname that the submitter wants to mean either 'of or associated with a guy named Amiri or possibly meaning of or associated with the prince'. The name was based on Juliana de Luna, "Arabic Names from al-Andalus" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/alandalus/).
This submission has several problems. The first is that the article <al> and the subsequent name element should be hyphenated. The second is that the documentation does not support the spelling <Amiriya>. Rather, Juliana's article includes the male isms <`Amir> and >`A-mir>, so the proper feminization would be <`Amira(h)>. <Amira>, an alternate title for 'princess'; therefore, <al-Amira> could be read as 'Rayya the princess'. Barring documentation of a byname composed of some form of <`Amiri>, this submission must be returned for violation of RfS VI.1, Presumptuous Names: Names Claiming Rank.
39: Rufus Bowie - New Device forwarded
Per pale embattled sable and argent, a sackbut palewise, bell to base, and a recorder counterchanged
His name was registered in 01/2008 via the East.
40: Sephare Dryden - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. The submitter requested that she be contacted first if changes are needed, so that she might approve them. Sephare is dated to 1188 in R&W (s.n. Seavers, p. 398). An example of Dryden (ibid., s.n. Dryden, p. 143) is <Philip de Dryden> dated to 1290. This byname is also found in Withycombe (s.n. Erasmus, p. 1-5), with <Erasmus Dryden> dated 1553-1632.
The given name [from an unrecorded Old English woman's name (*S{ae-}faru)] was still in use in the 13th century, as seen in the aforementioned entry from R&W: Seuare 1185; Sephare 1188; Radulfus filius Sefare 1221; Seuar' Boykin 1277; William, Hugh Seuare 1185, 1285; Walter Sefare 1230; Thomas Safare (Savare) 1327; William Sefare, Ralph Seffare 1327. R&W's introduction (p. xvii, Loss of the Preposition) says there are 28 examples of locative bynames without prepositions in the Curia Regis Rolls, 1201-21, and lists the examples <Alan Cheles> 1219 and <Richard Sulee> 1221. This makes Dryden without the preposition unusual as a 13th century byname, but not impossible.
41: Sigurðr berserkr - Resub Name forwarded & Resub Device forwarded
Or, a pale between two bears combattant sable
The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Language and culture (9th to 10th century Norwegian/Icelandic) most important. Meaning ('Sigurðr') most important. This is a resubmission of a kingdom return. His original name, <Sigurðr harðský>, as well as his device, was returned on the East's Letter of Decision for the 08/2008 iLoI (dated 10/31/2008) because the abstract constructed byname <harðský> (intended to mean "hard cloud") didn't make sense to the commenters.
Sigurðr is found in Geirr Bassi on p. 14, with 17 examples found in the Landnámabók. berserkr (ibid., p. 20) is a descriptive byname with one example found in the Landnámabók. When contacted to clarify what changes he allowed, the submitter stated that he wants the given name to remain the same, but will allow any changes to the byname to make it registerable.
The submitted name elements are found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Viking Names found in Landnámabók" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/landnamabok.html) and "Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/norse/vikbynames.html).
42: Síle Bowie - New Device forwarded
Per bend embattled sable and argent, a thimble and a viol counterchanged
Her name was registered in 01/2008 via the East.
43: Simona bat Leone - New Name forwarded
The submitter desires a female name. Meaning ('Simona daughter of Leon' with the 'bat' particle if possible) most important. Simona is described by de Felice as a feminine variant of Simone; a biblical and apostolic name and saint's name. It is found in Rhian Lyth of Blackmoor Vale, "Italian Renaissance Women's Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/italian.html), for which the names are all dated from Florence in the 14th and 15th centuries. It is also found 22 times in the Catasto of 1427 according to Juliana de Luna, "Names in 15th Century Forence and Her Dominions: The Condado" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliaijkukna/condado/womensalpha.html). bat is the Sephardic transliteration/pronunciation of the particle meaning 'daughter of', as found in Julie Stampnitzky, "Medieval Jewish Names Research: Glossary for Titles and Bynames" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/titles.html). Leone appears seven times in Juliana's article (ibid., http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/condado/mensfreq.html).
bat Leone a combination of languages (Hebrew and Italian) in a single name phrase, which is ordinarily not registerable. According to Beider, A Dictionary of Ashkenazic Jewish Names, (s.n. , Leyb, pp. 358-62) <Leone> was used as the secular (kinnui) equivalent of <Judah>, based on the comparison of Judah to a young lion in Genesis 49:9. He states that this was done in Florence in the Renaissance period and in other Sephardic areas. It is also unremarkable for Christian scribes to have replaced a Hebrew name such as <Leyb> or <Leve> with something that sounded similar or had a similar meaning in the vernacular language; such replacements also ended up being transliterated back into Hebrew, thus entering the Jewish name pool.
According to Eleazar ha-Levi, Simone is found five times and Leone four times in Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi "Names of Jews in Rome in the 1550's" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_names.html). The author notes that "[t]he women [on the list] seem to have a mix of classical Italian names and classical Hebrew names. Common names Italian include Allegrezza, Anna, Bella, Donna, Fiore, Fiorina, Gentile, Mirella, Perna, Ricca, Rosa, Speranza, Stella." As such, the common Italian name Simona would be unremarkable. The article also notes that "the most common form of a name in these documents was a given name with a patronymic joined by a "di" however both the Hebrew "Ben" and the Arabic "Ibn" also show up in these documents," (e.g., <Benedetto ben Joab Passapaire>, <Abamo Ben Aron Scazzocchio>, <Juhudah q.m Rabbi Giuseppe ben Feisat>, and <Giacobbe Ibn Forno>) making the combination of languages in the same name phrase (patronymic byname) documentable for Italian Jews during the Renaissance. In addition, some women from this source are identified as 'wife of', 'widow of', or 'mother of', so <bat> 'daughter of' seems reasonable as well, especially considering the masculine examples meaning 'son of'.
44: Siobhan inghen Chon Mhara - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Quarterly vert and Or, a sheep passant sable between four crosses parted and fretted counterchanged
The submitter desires a female name. Spelling ('Siobhan') most important. Siobhán is the the standard Early Modern Irish Gaelic form of the feminine given name, used by 22 women in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Siobhán"(http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Feminine/Siban.shtml), in entries dated between 1310 and 1600. inghen Con Mara (ibid.) is based on one of the entries in the Annals (The Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 3), <Siobhan Cham inghen Meg Cartaigh ben Mec Con Mara>, year 1370.
The name was submitted as <Siobhan inghen Con Mara>. We have a precedent for this exact byname:
Submitted as Sorcha inghen Cú Mara, there was some discussion regarding the submitted inghen. This spelling has been addressed previously:[T]he Annals of Connacht [...] also includes examples of the spelling inghen which seems to be a conservative spelling of the standard inghean. [Temair Brecc inghen Choluim, 01/02, A-West]When the masculine name Cú Mara is used in a woman's byname, it needs to be put into the genitive case and lenited. Therefore, inghen Chon Mhara and, more typically, inghean Chon Mhara are forms of this byname appropriate for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). We have changed the byname to the first of these forms, as it is the closer of the two to the submitted form of this byname, in order to register this name. [Sorcha inghen Chon Mhara, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt]
The spelling has been changed to <Siobhan inghen Chon Mhara> to better match the documentation, although <Siobhan inghean Chon Mhara> would be a more typical spelling for Early Modern Irish Gaelic. The name is clear of the aforementioned Sorcha inghen Chon Mhara.
At least one commenter thought that there was insufficient contrast between the sheep and the rest of the design of the device. Whether this is the case is up to Wreath to decide.
45: Tadgán mac Lagmainn - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Azure, in fess on a turtle between two swords argent, a volknut sable, and a chief Or
The submitter desires a male name. Language and culture (Gaelic with byname of Norse origin) most important. Tadgán is a diminutive of <Tadg>, according to OC&M (s.n. Tadgán, p. 168), who date <Tade> to the 10th century on. The submitted spelling is found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals: Tadgán (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Tadgan.shtml), where it is described as the Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900-c. 1200) nominative form. Two men in the Annals have this name, years 972-996. mac is 'son [of]'. Lagmainn is a byname seen in the Annals of Ulster as <Muircertach, mac Lagmaind h-Ui Duibh Dirma, ri Fordroma, tuir airechais Tuaisceirt Erenn uile, do marbadh i mebhail la Donnchadh h-Ua Duib Dirma & lasin Bretaigh for lar Muighi Bile & da mac dó do marbadh arnamárach & mac do dhalludh>, dated 1167. The submitted form is found in Woulfe. According to Rowel, <Lagmainn> is a reasonable form of <Lagmaind>, as "-nn" and "-nd" vary freely in Middle Irish Gaelic.
The formation of simple patronymic bynames in Gaelic is discussed in Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names, 3rd Edition" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname). A commenter mentioned that O Corrain referenced a Hiberno-Scandinavian "Amlaif mac Laghmaind" in p. 16 of "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century" (http://www.ucc.ie/chronicon/ocor2fra.htm), citing the Annals of the Four Masters.
The use of a valknut is a step from period practice.
46: Titus Claudius Silvanus - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Argent, two lightning bolts in saltire gules, overall a wolf's head couped sable
The submitter desires a male name. Language and culture (Roman) most important. Titus is a common praenomen, and Claudius a nomen found in Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/). The latter was found dated 495 BCE to 38 BCE. This article also supports the use of a Tria Nomina. Silvanus is a cognomen found in Lindley Richard Dean, "A study of the cognomina of soldiers in the Roman legions" (http://books.google.com/books?id=MF0KAAAAIAAJ), where it appears on pp. 9, 52, and 70. This cognomen appears "with some frequency", with the example <L. Pomponius Silvanus>, who was a solder in the XIth legion during the first century.
For the first century BCE, <Marcus Plautius Silvanus> appears in a list of consuls, as do <C. Claudius Pulcher>, <Ap. Claudius Pulcher>, <Titus Statilius Taurus II> and <Titus Quinctius Crispinus>. (http://www.unrv.com/government/consul-1-bc.php), <Marcus Plautius Silvanus> is the next to last entry. We also find <C. Claudius Pulcher>, <Ap. Claudius Pulcher>, <Titus Statilius Taurus II> and <Titus Quinctius Crispinus>. Titus appears as a praenomen and Claudius as a nomen multiple times in the first century CE (http://www.unrv.com/government/consul-1-ad.php). This places all of the name elements within 200 years.
The name should be clear of Titus Claudius Severus (05/1989, Outlands). The device is clear of Settimio d'Olivio (11/2006, Gleann Abhann), Gules, two lightning bolts in saltire overall a wolf's head caboshed Or, with CDs for the multiple changes of tincture. It ias also clear of Afanasiia Volokhovna (05/1998, Atlantia), Argent, a wolf's head erased sable within an annulet azure; Celestinus MacCriomhthainn (04/1997, Drachenwald; transferred to Aarnimetsä, Barony of, 06/1998, Drachenwald), Argent, a wolf's head cabossed within an orle of roundels sable; Dylan ap Maelgwn (04/1997, East), Argent, a wolf's head caboshed sable and two gussets gules; and Katharine Wulfesege (04/1992, Atlantia), Argent, a wolf's head cabossed sable within an orle of vines vert, all by X.1.
47: Tommaso Valeriano - New Device Change forwarded
Purpure, a dog rampant in sinister chief an anchor Or
Old Item: Per bend sable and purpure, a sword between six mullets two two and two argent, to be retained as a badge. His name was registered in 01/2003 and his previous device in 11/2003, both via the East.
48: Tristan of the Black lion - New Name forwarded
Sound ('Blacklion') most important. Tristan is the submitter's legal name according to his passport, which was examined by the consulting herald. Blacklion is a constructed inn sign name based on Gretchen Beck, "Inn, Shop, or House names found in imprints from the EEBO database, 1473-1600" (http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~grm/sign-of-the.html). This article includes <signe (or sygne) of the Red lion> and <signe (or sygne) of the Black beare>.
The name was originally submitted as Tristan of Blacklion. Commenters couldn't find evidence of Blacklion, so I have changed it to Tristan of the Black lion to better match the documentation. Tristan atte Black lion and Tristan del Black lion are also supported by R&W (pp. xv-xvi; s.nn. Lamb, Bell, Hatt) and Bardsley (pp. 8-9), which briefly discuss inn sign surnames. Examples included <William atte Lamme> (1320), <John atte Bell> (1332), and <Thomas del Hat> (1273).
49: Ulrich Parcifal - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Vert, two axes addorsed and on a chief argent three crosses potent vert, overall a label couped gules
The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Sound (unspecifed) most important. Ulrich is a male given name found in Bahlow (Gentry) [s.n. Ul(l)rich, p. 518], which states that "...its popularity in the middle ages was stimulated by St. Ulrich, bishop of Augsburg." Parcifal (ibid, s.n. Parseval, p. 363) is dated 1296-1551 in this spelling; e.g., <Cuonrad Parcifal>, 1296. His father, Friedrich Parcifal (registered 02/2009, East), has provided a letter stating that Ulrich is his son and, thus, entitled to use the grandfather clause for the byname. The submitter's father has also provided a letter of permission to conflict with his armory, Vert, two axes addorsed and on a chief argent three crosses potent vert (10/2007, East).
Ulrich is a header dated in this spelling to c.1250-1369 in Talan Gwynek, "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm). This article also has <Partschfall> (1490) [and <Bartschval> (1349, 1394), apparently the same name]. Bahlow/Gentry (s.n. Parseval) has a <Clawes Partscheval>, a councilor in Arnstadt, Thuringia in 1393. Ulrich is also a header found in this spelling 95 times in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/nurnberg1497.html). This is an excellent German name, particularly for the 13th to 14th centuries.
50: William Blackthorn - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded
Azure, a saltire cotised and in chief two scimitars in saltire argent
The submitter desires a male name. William is one of the most commen men's names, according to Withycombe (s.n. William, p. 293), which states that the name was introduced into England by the Normans in the 11th century. Blackthorn is a locative byname based on Watts (s.n. Blackthorn), which includes the forms <Blaketorn>, <Blakethurn(e)>, <Blakethorn(e)>, and <Blackthorne>, all dated between 1190 and 1316. The dropping of the terminal "-e" is plausible, considering the above variants. The name was originally submitted as <William of Blackthorn>, but he requested that we drop the preposition if possible.
William is found 230 times prior to 1600 in Julian Goodwyn, "English Names found in Brass Enscriptions" (http://heraldry.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/brasses/), with the earliest occurrence in 1323. Unmarked locatives were unremarkable in England after the 13th century according to the introduction in R&W (p. xvii: Loss of the Preposition). R&W (s.n. Blackthorn, p. 47) has <John de Blakethorn> (1276), <John Blakethorn> (1379), and <William Blakthorn> (1442). As we have the spellings <Blakthorn> in 1442 and <Blackthorne> in 1316, the submitted byname is plausible for the 15th century.
One commenter thought that the swords should be larger. Whether this is a returnable problem or worthy of just an artist's note is up to Wreath to decide.
