1: Aibhilín inghean Uí Phaidín - New Device forwarded

Per chevron purpure and argent, three Lacy knots in chevron argent and an iris purpure slipped and leaved vert

Her name was registered in 08/2009 via the East.

Commenters thought that this was clear of Rhiannon of Faeroe (02/1998, Atenveldt), Per chevron purpure and argent, three triquetras counterchanged, with CDs for the changes in number and type of primary charges.

2: Alessandra da Montereggioni - New Name forwarded

Alessandra is found in Rhian Lyth of Blackmoor Vale, "Italian Renaissance Women's Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/italian.html), which contains names from the 14th and 15th centuries. Montereggioni is from a town in Italy (modern: Monteriggioni) mentioned in Dante's Divine Comedy, Inferno xxxi 41-44: "come in su la cercia londa Monteriggioni di terri si corona". The edition being quoted was not identified, but Eastern Crown's copy (transl. T.G. Bergin, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1955) translates this passage as, "...as above its garland of high walls / Montereggione lifts its towered crown..." The town appears as "montereggion" in a 14th-century edition of Inferno (AMS Historica, Biblioteca Digitale dell'Università di Bologna, Canto XXXI, c.72v., vv.28-57; http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=170). The locative preposition da is found in Talan Gwynek, "15th Century Italian Men's Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/italian15m.html).

Whether the terminal -i should appear in the locative was not determined, so I am forwarding this unchanged for further discussion by the experts.

3: Ása in svarta - New Badge forwarded

(Fieldless) A cross of four lozenges conjoined per saltire Or and azure

Her name and device, Quarterly Or and azure, a spoon and a hammer in saltire counterchanged, were registered 07/2006 via the East.

The badge is clear of Malcolm Drum (04/1996, Middle), Argent, four lozenges conjoined in saltire azure. There is a CD for fieldlessness, one for changing the tincture of half of the charge group, and another for changing the arrangement from in saltire to in cross.

4: Asther de Perpinya - Resub Device forwarded

Or, a burning brazier suspended by two chains gules, in base two bars wavy azure

Her name is currently on the East's 2010-04-30 xLoI (http://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=145&id=13399). A prior device submission, Azure, a burning brazier suspended by two chains from a point, on a tierce Or two mullets of six points in pale gules, was returned in kingdom on the 02/2010 Letter of Decision for using a charged tierce.

5: Beatrice de Warynton - New Device forwarded

Argent, a peacock proper and on a chief embattled azure three crescents argent

Her name was on the 14 May 2010 External Letter of Intent from the East.

This peacock is in the default position [04/2007 Cover Letter: "From Wreath: Concerning Peacocks"], and has been blazoned as such. There is some variation in the proper coloration for peacocks [Pettronella of Caer Galen, 09/2004, Outlands-A]. As such, there is no CD between a peacock proper and one that is all azure or all vert. This submission was conflict checked as a peacock azure and a peacock proper.

6: Cezilia Raposa - New Name forwarded

Cezilia is a feminine given name found twice, once as Cezilia and once as Çezilia, in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Portuguese Names from Lisbon, 1565" (http://ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/portuguese/lisbon1565.html). Raposa, 'fox', is a descriptive surname that appears once in the same article. The introduction of the article states that the most common naming pattern was <given name + surname>, and gives a feminine example, <Isabel Guomez>.

The name was thought to be clear of Cicilia Rosa (08/2000, Ansteorra).

7: Christopher Stanley - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Azure, three cranes argent each maintaining a rapier Or and on a chief embattled argent three thistles proper

The submitter desires a male name. Language (English) most important. Culture (Late 16th century English) most important. Christopher is found 116 times between 1541 and 1620 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "English Given Names from 16th and Early 17th C Marriage Records" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/parishes/parishes.html and http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/parishes/christopher.html). Bardsley, s.n. Christopher, also notes a <Christopher Fell> (1545) and a <Christopher Scales> (1546). Stanley is dated 1588-9 in Julie Kahan, "Surnames in Durham and Northumberland, 1521-1615" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/parish/surnames.html). Bardsley, s.n. Stanley, lists <Edward Stanley> (1578-9). It was noted that the device has a complexity count of nine.

Commenter thought that the name was clear of Christopher Starling (11/2004, West). There was some debate as to whether the device should be returned for violating the complexity count limit, I am punting this one to Wreath and the College of Arms.

8: Declán Gobha - New Device forwarded

Per bend rayonny gules and argent, an anvil argent and a sword bendwise sable

His name was registered in 08/2009 via the East.

9: Eleanor the librarie-keeper - New Name forwarded

The submitter desires a female name. Meaning (spelling) most important. Eleanor is found 12 times between 1574 and 1620 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "English Given Names from 16th and Early 17th C Marriage Records" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/english/parishes/eleanor.html). the librarie-keeper is an occupational byname intended to mean 'the librarian'. There were no citations for 'librarian' pre-1670, but the OED notes under meaning #2, the keeper or custodian of a library, that, "this word has surplanted the older library-keeper". A mention of "Andreas Bavard, custos librarie, anno dom. 1468" is found in Ottobuoni MS. 1565, f. 8vo in the Vatican Library [as cited in 'History of Greyfriars: Guardians or wardens', The Grey Friars of London (1915), pp. 53-62. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51597&strquery=librarie]. Custos librarie can be translated as 'library keeper' from Latin (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=custos&la=la). However, the year this manuscript was actually written could not be verified. Thomas Elyot's The Image of Governance, published in 1541, makes mention of "keepers of the lybrarye" [Jennifer Summit, Memory's library: medieval books in early modern England, University of Chicago Press, 2008, p.98; http://books.google.com/books?id=8vZzRmijcJ4C]. The occupation is the subject of John Drurie's (or Drury's) The Reformed Librarie-Keeper: or, Two copies of letters concerning the place and office of a librarie-keeper, published in 1650 (http://books.google.com/books?id=GE7j7-UO_iUC). In addition, another book, this one from 1603, mentioned "Amongst others Iohn Clipstone priest, sometime Custos of the Librarie of the Guildhall, 1457. An other of Edmond Alison priest, one of the Custos of the Library, 1510. &c. Sir Iohn Langley Goldsmith, Mayor, 1576. lyeth buried in the vault, vnder the tombe of Iohn welles before named." ['Cheape warde', A Survey of London, by John Stow: Reprinted from the text of 1603 (1908), pp. 258-276. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=60044&strquery=librarie]. The spelling librarie appears c. 1449 according to the OED: "Pecock kepr. 1. vi.30. In caas a greet clerk wolde go into a librarie and ouer studie there a long proces of feith writun in the Bible."

The OED entry for keeper, definition #1, is "one who has charge, care, or oversight of any person or thing; a guardian, warden, custodian". Definitions #1 and 3 also note that keeper is often used as a second element, e.g., alehouse-keeper, hound-keeper, and chapel-keeper. For specific dated examples, house-keeper is found in 1536, housekeeper in 1605 (both under Housekeeper), and inne-keeper in 1596 (under Innkeeper). As such, the term itself seems to be reasonable for the 16th and early 17th centuries.

The pattern [<given name> + the <occupation>] is not considered likely to have been used in the 16th century, when the term "library keeper" (in some form) came into use, although it was still found in the 14th century according to the introduction for R&W ("Heredity of Surnames" and "Surnames of Occupation and Office"). Examples of this pattern (sometimes in hereditary bynames) were <Thomas le hosteler>, 1331, and <Roger le Mounk>, 1318. Commenters generally thought that this temporal discrepency between the 16th to early 17th century name elements and a name pattern that had disappeared by the start of the 15th century would be worth, at most, a step from period practice. Whether the submitted form is an acceptable lingua anglica form of "custos librarie", considering the strong gray period citations, is for Pelican to decide.

10: Emeline Patterson - Resub Badge forwarded

(Fieldless) Three toads conjoined in pall at the feet vert

Her name and device, Purpure, a crane and on a chief embattled argent three mullets of eight points vert, were registered in 02/2005 via the East. The prior submission of this badge was returned in 09/2007 (R-East) because it was a fieldless badge and the toads were not conjoined.

The badge is clear of Ragnarr the Frog (05/1998, East), (Fieldless) A frog tergiant vert, with one CD for fieldlessness and one for the change in number of the frogs. It is clear of Meadhbh ní Ruadháin (08/1994, East), Argent, three frogs in pall, legs extended, heads to center, within a bordure engrailed vert, with a CD for fieldless and another for the addition of the bordure. It is also clear of Ailís inghean uí Ruairc (01/2006, Atlantia), Argent, three frogs vert, with a CD for fieldlessness and one for the orientation of the frogs.

11: Eva Bengrek - New Device forwarded

Gules, a mascle and a bordure argent

Her name was registered 08/2008 via the East.

12: Eva Woderose - Resub Badge forwarded

(Fieldless) A rose slipped and leaved per pale argent and purpure

Her name was registered 11/2007 and a device, Gules, on a bend sinister between two wolves couchant argent, three roses proper in 12/2007, both via the East. A badge, (Fieldless) A rose slipped and leaved per pale argent and gules was withdrawn by the submitter during kingdom commentary because it conflicted with the protected Tudor rose. This resubmission has changed the tincture of the second half of the rose.

The badge is technically clear of Beatrice Domenici della Campana (03/2000, An Tir), (Fieldless) A rose per pale argent and azure, with a CD for fieldlessness and another for changing half of the tincture of the charge. It is also clear of Tanczos Ilona (09/2005, East), (Fieldless) A six-petalled periwinkle per bend purpure and argent, with one CD for fieldlessness, one for changing the type of division from per bend to per pale, and another for reversing the tinctures.

13: Finán Ua Celaig - New Name pended & New Device pended

Azure, a goblet argent, flames issuant from the top Or, and a chief invected argent

The submitter desires a male name. Culture (10th century Irish) most important. Finán and Celaig are found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/irish100.html), which contains names extracted from M.A. O'Brien, Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976). Finán appears 28 times. Celaig is a genitive form of Cellach, which appears 93 times. Ua 'grandson/male descendent' is found in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada, "Dated Names Found in Ó Corráin & Maguire's Irish Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/ocm/), in which Cellach/Ceallach appears with a frequency of 14, in years 658-1376 (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Cellach.shtml). This article states that the submitted spelling is the Middle Irish Gaelic genitive form, appropriate for c. 900-c. 1200.

Commenters thought that the name was clear of Finn hua Cellaig (08/2001, Atenveldt), but it is almost an identical name. The name is being pended in order to give the submitter the chance to respond with a second choice, if possible.

14: Giovanni da Montereggioni - New Name forwarded

The submitter desires a male name. Giovanni is a common Tuscan name found in Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek, "Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/). An example was given: Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), author of The Decameron. Montereggioni is from a town in Italy (modern: Monteriggioni) mentioned in Dante's Divine Comedy, Inferno xxxi 41-44: "come in su la cercia londa Monteriggioni di terri si corona". The edition being quoted was not identified, but Eastern Crown's copy (transl. T.G. Bergin, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1955) translates this passage as, "...as above its garland of high walls / Montereggione lifts its towered crown..." The town appears as "montereggion" in a 14th-century edition of Inferno (AMS Historica, Biblioteca Digitale dell'Università di Bologna, Canto XXXI, c.72v., vv.28-57; http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=170). The locative preposition da is found in Talan Gwynek, "15th Century Italian Men's Names" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/italian15m.html).

Whether the terminal -i should appear in the locative was not determined, so I am forwarding this unchanged for further discussion by the experts.

15: Gustav zem Sterne - New Name forwarded

The submitter desires a male name. Meaning (spelling 'Gustav', meaning 'star') most important. Gustav is an undocumented variant spelling of the Swedish masculine given name Gøstaf, a header form in SMP, vol. 9, pp. 525-72 (also found at http://www.sofi.se/servlet/GetDoc?meta_id=1801). The name was found in the 13th to early 16th centuries in various spellings. Examples include <Gostauus> (1225, 1511), <Gostavus> (1511), <Gustaue-> (1361), <Gustauer-> (1367), and <Gustavi> (1341), and <Gustaf> (1401, 1515). Due to the variation in spelling, it is thought that the submitted spelling is not unreasonable, although it's based on Latinized and/or genitive forms (e.g., Gustavi). The submitter will accept the attested spelling Gustaf if necessary for registration. zem Sterne is a byname meaning 'at the sign of the star' found in Bahlow/Gentry, s.n. Stern; Walther zem Sterne (from Basel) is dated 1255. Socin gives the same example (Waltherus zem Sterne). A 'hus zem Sterne' (also in Basel), dated 1311, is found in Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde (Historische und Antiquarische Gesellschaft zu Basel, Stiftung Pro Augusta Raurica; http://books.google.com/books?id=Qt8WAQAAIAAJ, p. 406) The specific combination of Swiss German (an Alemannic dialect) and Swedish has not been ruled upon, but since Alamannic is in the High German group of languages, it should be a step from period practice [Beorn Boghener, 11/03]. The submitter would prefer a wholly German name, if evidence of Gustav in period Germany could be found.

Noir Licorne provided some examples of Gustav in German contexts in the gray period. It is found on p. 247 of Prodromus oder Vortrab künfftiger und bald folgenden, published 1641 (http://books.google.com/books?id=S4VBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA273), on pp. 264 and 319 of Historie Teutscher Händel vom Jahr 1617-1643, published 1643 (http://books.google.com/books?id=UFJBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA264&), and on multiple pages in Weymarischer Feldzug: s. historia exercituum, published in 1648 (http://books.google.com/books?id=1UpBAAAAcAAJ). She notes that some of these references are to Gustav Adolph, king of Sweden, and Gustav Horn, a Swedish/Finnish soldier and politician, so they may not reflect usage in Germany at the time.

16: Iron Bog, Barony of - New Change of Designator returned

Iron Bog was founded as a shire in 1993, and became a barony in 03/2006 (according to the East's OP).

This item has been returned because the desired change was already made in 02/2010.

17: Katerine atte Wyshe de la Rye - New Name Change forwarded & Resub Device forwarded

Azure, a fess argent doubly cotised Or

Old Item: Catherine de Sant Martí, to be retained. The submitter desires a female name. No changes. The submitter's currently registered name is Katryne Blak, registered 05/2005 via the East. She has a name change to Catherine de Sant Martí on the East's 2010-03-20 External Letter of Intent (http://oscar.sca.org/index.php?action=145&id=12950). She would like to retain both names as alternates. The submitter desires a late 14th century English name, but the box for an authenticity request is not checked. Katerine is a feminine given name dated 1437 in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/reaneyintro.html). atte Wyshe de la Rye is a locative byname found in R&W, s.n. Wish. William atte Wyshe de la Rye is dated 1305.

The submitter has a badge on the East's 2010-03-20 xLoI, (Fieldless) In pale a crescent pendant Or conjoined to a fess embattled couped argent. She would like to withdraw that submission and use this as her device. She will retain her previously registered device, Azure, a crescent pendant Or and a bordure denticulada argent (11/2009, East), as a badge. She has a second badge, Argent, a fox passant gules within a bordure per saltire sable and gules. The device is based on image "No. 84 - De la Mere", Or, a fesse doubly cotised (or, between two bars gemelles) azure in Boutell's Handbook to English Heraldry, p. 54 (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/23186/23186-h/23186-h.htm).

18: Lucien de Wyntere - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Azure, a cross of Jerusalem within a bordure argent

The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Language and culture (unspecified) most important. Lucien is found in Colm Dubh, "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/paris.html), which lists a <Lucien le péletier>. de Wyntere is a byname found in Loveday Toddekyn, "Flemish Bynames from Bruges" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/bruges/). The submitter argues that Bruges was a French possession in period (and included a modern map showing Europe c. 1380), and a center of commerce, so the combination of French and Flemish should be registerable. This combination does not yet appear to have been ruled upon to date.

Documentation of French-Flemish contact is evidenced by the Armorial des Rois de l'Épinette de Lille (1283-1486), which is available in an edition by Michel Popoff (ISBN 2-86377-033-0), and the Armorial de la Flandre Wallonne dit de La Marche de Lille (compiled 1543-4), which is described at http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/periodrolls.html. Both of these armorials are from French-speaking Flanders, so a shared name pool between Flanders and northern France is to be expected. Indeed, some of the same names appear both on the Flemish name article cited above and "Personal names found in the Armorial du dénombrement de la Comté de Clermont en Beauvaisis 1373-1376" by Chrestienne la pescheresse (KWHS Proceedings, Caid, 2007).

One possible conflict was raised: the device of Curwinus Trevirensis, (04/2003, Atlantia), Azure, a Norse sun cross within a bordure argent. There does not appear to be a ruling on whether there is substantial difference between a cross of Jerusalem and a Norse sun cross. If they are not substantially different, then this would be a conflict.

19: Lysken die Waeyer - New Device returned

Vert fretty argent

The submitter's name registered 04/2010 via the East.

This device is returned for multiple conflicts. Consulting heralds and submitters are reminded that there is no difference granted between fretty and a fret because they were interchangeable in period; fretty is a single charge, not a field treatment like a semy. Against Kiena Munro's badge (03/1998, Outlands), Vert fretty argent, a butterfly Or, there is only a single CD for the removal of the overall charge [see Ellen of York, 10/2003, R-Atlantia]. The device conflicts with that of Thomas Archer (05/1984, Caid), Vert, freety argent, a pale vert, fimbriated argent, for the same reasons. Lastly, it conflicts with the device of Meredudd Brangwyn (04/1997, Ansteorra), Per salire gules and pean, a fret argent, with only a single CD for changing the field. It was thought that this device did not conflict with that of Volodar Ivanovic (04/1999, An Tir), Per fess gules fretty argent and sable because there was a CD for the changes to the field, and another for the unforced move of Volodar's fret to chief [see Anéžka z Rožmitála, 11/2001, A-Ansteorra].

20: Mariota of Kildare - New Device forwarded

Or, a duck purpure, in chief three gouttes de larme inverted and a base wavy azure

Her name was registered in 06/2008 via the East.

21: Mariota of Kildare - New Badge forwarded

(Fieldless) A duck purpure

Her name was registered in 06/2008 via the East.

The badge is clear of Gerberga of Ardennes (02/2002, Meridies), Per bend purpure and argent, a crutch and a duck naiant counterchanged, with a CD for fieldlessness and another for change in number of primary charges. It is clear of Alana of Carillon (11/1989, East), Or, mulletty of six points azure, an owl purpure and of Damian Popyngeye (04/1996, Atlantia), Plumetty argent and vert, a popinjay purpure, both with a CD for fieldlessness and another for the change in type of bird.

Noir Licorne raised the question of whether this badge conflicts with the badges for the Order of the Pelican, (Tinctureless) A pelican in its piety and (Tinctureless) A pelican vulning itself. There is one CD for the fieldless bribe, but the second must come from the type of bird. As this has not been ruled upon previously, and both are distinct period charges in period postures, this is being forwarded for Wreath to decide.

22: Morgaine de Beaumont - New Name forwarded & New Device returned

Argent, a cross of four ermine spots azure

Morgaine is the submitter's legal name. A copy of her driver's license was provided. de Beaumont is from <Roger de Beaumont>, found in the Domesday Book as a landholder under the towns of Steeple and Stour (Phoebe Phillips Editions, The Domesday Book, 1985; ISBN 0-517-55868-8). Wikipedia and http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/landowners.html were also cited.

The citation for the byname is from a heavily normalized source and not suitable as documentation. The actual spellings in the Domesday Book were <de Belmont< and <de Bellomonte>. However, the submitted spelling is found in a no-photocopy source, Watts, s.n Beaumont, dated 1291. The name is clear of Adrienne Morgaine de Beaumont (05/1989, Caid) for the removal of the first given name.

Unfortunately, the device has multiple conflicts, including Siobhan nig Fhloinn ui Donnabhain (07/2000, Ansteorra), (Fieldless) A cross of ermine spots azure, and Marisa Symmes of Berewyk (10/2006, Gleann Abhann), Argent, a cross of ermine spots and a tierce azure.

23: Oddkatla Jónsdóttir - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Purpure, on a mole rampant Or, the letters DK sable

The name was submitted as Oddkatla Jónsdottir. All name elements and the formation of patronymic bynames were documented using Geir Bassi. Oddkatla is found on p. 13, the masculine given name Jón is found on p. 12, and the formation of formation of patronymic bynames is found on p. 17. The consulting herald notes that the name should be clear of Katrina Jonsdottir (08/1986, West).

As Norse names must be accented consistently, the byname was changed to Oddkatla Jónsdóttir.

24: Pátraic Ó Donngaile - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Sable, in pale two keys in saltire and an anchor fouled of its chain Or

The name was submitted as Pátraic O Donnghal. The submitter desires a male name. Meaning (unspecified) most important. Pátraic is a header form in OC&M, which states that it is an Irish form of Patric. Patrick is found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century)" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/ormond.html). It is listed as the modern form, but the Latin 'Patricio' is found once in an Irish context as the only version in period. The above OC&M citation is the Irish-language suggestion that the submitter approved. O Donnghal is a patronymic from Tangwystyl's article (ibid.) under "Glossary of Elements in bynames", found under the modern form Donnghal(ach). This states "O Donely 1; 2 possible origins, Woulfe p. 505". The submitter has no preference between the modern or manuscript form as long as the result relates to Co. Donegal. (This is a place name, Dun-na-nGall, found through early 16th C entries in the Annals of Loch C'e, in entries 1505.1, 1506.3, 1525.7, 1528.9, 1530.14, 1535.8, 1537.7, and 1537.9 at http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100010B/text008.html and http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100010B/text0009.html. The consulting herald was not able to locate it as a surname in the CELT texts.)

Elmet noted that the byname in the actual manuscript was <O Donely>, which is Anglicized Irish. <Pátraic in Middle Irish Gaelic can be supported indirectly, with Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" including both Mael Pátraic and Gilla Pátriac (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/MaelPatraic.shtml and http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/GiollaPhadraig.shtml). It is found in Early Modern Irish Gaelic in the same article (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Padraig.shtml). The Gaelic form <Donngall> is found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Donngal.shtml), years 731-1108. The genitive form in both Old and Middle Irish Gaelic is <Donngaile>. The formation of a clan affiliation byname is described in Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname). As such, the names has been changed to the Pátraic Ó Donngaile to match the available documentation.

25: Pierre de Tours - Resub Device forwarded

Azure, a cross of five mascles and on a chief argent three gunstones

His name was registered 08/2006 via the East. His original device submission, Azure, a cross of five mascles, a chief argent was returned on the same letter for conflict with Talan of Skye, Purpure, a Bowen cross and a chief argent.

Unfortunately, the device conflicts with that of Clara Marschall (12/2008, Ansteorra), Azure, a Bowen cross and on a chief argent three chevronnels throughout braced gules. There is only a CD for the changes to the tertiary charges.

Revised: Elmet received a Letter of Permission to Conflict from Clara on 08/31/2010, so this device is being forwarded.

26: Robert the Frank - New Name forwarded

The submitter desires a male name. Sound (unspecified) most important. Robert is a masculine given name found in R&W, s.n. Robert. This spelling is found in the Domesday Book (1066) and in 1292. It is noted that this popular name was introduced by the Normans during the reign of Edward the Confessor. the Frank is a lingua anglica rendering of the descriptive byname variously rendered as le Franc (1221), le Fraunc (tempus Henry III?), le Fraunk (1296), and le Fronk (1296) in R&W, s.n. Frank. The surname Frank (without the article 'le') is dated 1270. The entry states that Fronco is the Old German for 'a Frank' and that it was not uncommon in the 11th to 14th centuries. The entry also notes that the surname could be from the Middle English/Old French franc 'free' (not a serf or slave), and dated this meaning to c. 1325 in the MED. Withycombe states that the name was common from the time of the Norman conquest until the mid-14th century, and that the submitted spelling was found with "some frequency" in the records from this time. <James le Fraunk'> and <Bertholomew le Frank'> both appear in entry no. 36, dated 1248, in 'Final Concords for Lincs: 30-33 Henry III (Case 130, File 33)', Final Concords of the County of Lincoln: 1244-1272 (1920), pp. 33-51. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53621&strquery=frank. The bynames do not appear to have been normalized. As a term pertaining to someone of Germanic descent, the OED states that the idea that the term was derived from the word for 'free' was "already current in the 10th century; but the real relation between the words seems to be the reverse of this". However, this shows that the term was appropriate both as a descriptive term referring to nationality and as a generic adjective in period.

27: Roseia Peseie - New Name forwarded & New Device returned

Sable, a light house argent enflamed proper

The name was submitted as Roseia de Peseie. The submitter desires a female name. Sound (Rosey Posey) most important. Roseia is found in Talan Gwynek, "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/reaneyintro.html), under the header Rose, and is dated in this spelling to 1346. de Peseie is found in R&W, s.n. Pizey. This spelling is dated to 1284 and 1300. The submitter would prefer a variant beginning with "Po-", but the consulting herald could not locate one. Additionally, she requested the dropping of the 'de' preposition if possible.

Commenters couldn't find any names with the desired sound. Dropping of the preposition is discussed in the introduction of R&W: "Loss of the Preposition", which states that it was regularly dropped pre-15th century. The name has been changed to Roseia Peseie to accomodate the submitter's request.

The device is returned for multiple conflicts. It is a direct conflict with the device of Anne of the White Tower (12/1971), Sable, a tower argent, because there is no difference between a tower and a lighthouse by precedent [Ysende Herberiour, 01/2007; Oldenfeld, Barony of, 05/2007]. It is likely a conflict with the device of Stanford of Sheffield (11/1973, Atenveldt), Per fess and per pale dovetailed argent and azure, in sinister chief a tower argent, with one CD for the change in the field, and none for the forced move of the tower. Comparing this device to the badge of Guillaume di San Marino (03/1989, Middle), Pean, a tower argent, issuant from its battlements two plumes pendant to base argent, it is clear if the plumes are large enough to be sustained charges. Lastly, commenters noted the possible conflicts with Heralds' Seals: Beacon Principal Herald, (Tinctureless) A beacon enflamed, and the device of Seamus Gllemore (02/1998, Drachenwald), Sable, a brazier argent flaming Or, although there is no precedent for beacons vs. lighthouses or braziers vs. lighthouses. As there are other conflicts, this cannot be forwarded to Wreath to establish such a precedent to determine whether those charges are significantly or substantially different.

In a future resubmission, the submitter should correct the depiction of the flames. Flames proper should have solidly-tinctured tongues of flame that alternate gules and Or, not Or flames fimbriated gules (or vice versa). The depiction used in this submission has long been grounds for return.

28: Rychyld de Lochabre - New Device forwarded

Azure, an armored angel maintaining a sword in sinister hand and in chief three doves volant, on a demi-sun issuant from base Or a cross flory azure

The submitter's name was registered 11/2008 via the East.

29: Spurius Genucius Rutilus - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Gules, a donkey sejant Or and in chief three gladii agent hilted Or

The submitter desires a male name. Language and culture (unspecified) most important. Spelling most important. Spurius is a praenomen, Genucius a nomen, and Rutilus a cognomen found at the Nova Roma Wiki (http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Choosing_a_Roman_name). Examples of the use of the nomen are <T. Genucius Augurinus> and <M. Genucius Augurinus>, consuls in BCE 451 and 445, respectively. The cognomen is glossed as meaning 'reddish-gold hair'. Two other sources were cited: Benet Salway. What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700. (J Roman Studies 84 (1994): 124-45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/300873) and Clive Cheesman. Personal Names in the Roman World (Duckworth Publishers, 2008. ISBN 0715636189.). What information was from what source was not clear from the summary provided by the submitter.

A no-photocopy source for two of the three name elements is Meradudd Cethin, "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/roman/names.html. This article states that Spurius is a praenomen and Genucius a nomen dated between 451 and 270 BCE. Rutilus is not found in this article (although a similar name, is), but it is found in the name <C. Sempronius Rutilus> in Titus Livius (59 BCE to 17 CE), Ab Urbe Condita, Book XXXVII, entry 57 (http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.36.shtml#57).

Commenters thought that the depiction of the gladii blurred the line between co-primary and secondary charges. It has been redrawn with the submitter's permission.

30: Þorbj{o,}rn Ragnvaldsson - New Device forwarded

Gules, a goat courant argent

His name was registered 02/2010 via the East. Note that the submission form listed the name as Þorbjørn Ragnvaldsson. It was corrected to the registered spelling.

Elmet cited a possible conflict with the badge of Chlurain, Clan (01/1981, Atenveldt), Per fess gules and Or, a sheep passant argent, its sinister foreleg in a tub sable. There is a CD for the change to the field, but none for the change from passant to courant. The second CD must come from either the difference in type of charge, or the removal of a sustained tub. If the tub is small (i.e., maintained), it does not contribute to difference. Sheep and goats are combined in the same category in the O&A, but that does not necessarily mean that there is no difference granted between the two. As commenters could not find a precedent stating whether they conflict, I am forwarding this for a definitive ruling by Wreath.

31: Wilham de Broc - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Quarterly per fess wavy azure and argent, in bend sinister two cats rampant to sinister azure

No major changes. Wilham is a masculine given name found in Julian Goodwyn, "English Names found in Brass Enscriptions" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/brasses/men.html, dated 1361. de Broc is found in R&W, s.n. Brook, which includes <Rand de Broc> (1157).

An earlier instance of the given name was found dated 1269, albeit in a French record: "Esi lui deit doner la meite dun fee de chevaler ke Wilham de Montsorel tient en Bensington e le fee de Pebbewrthe e le servise Wilhame de Mackele, e les servises sire Wilham de Huntecumbe e labbe de Eynesham en le Welde..." ('Close Rolls, October 1269', Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry III: volume 14: 1268-1272 (1938), pp. 140-147. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=95764&strquery=wilham). The name is clear of William Ranulf le Broc (06/1988, Atlantia), for addition of an element.

The device is clear of Lewana de Panton (04/2006, Middle), Quarterly azure and argent, in bend sinister two domestic cats rampant sinister, with a CD for the change of division of the field, one for the change of tincture, and one for the change in facing of the cats.