[SEAL]

Lillia de Vaux
eastern.crown@eastkingdom.org

March 10, 2011

Greetings to the East Kingdom College of Heralds! This is the Letter of Decisions for the February 2, 2011 Internal Letter of Intent. The original text from the iLoI is bolded, and is followed by my comments in unbolded text.

Thank you to all of the heralds who attended and assisted at the consultation table at Noisemakers Schola. In addition, thank you to the following commenters: Magnus von Lubeck, Gawain of Miskbridge, Reinholdt von Trollenhagen, Alys Mackyntoich, Francesco Gaetano Greco d'Edessa, Kolosvari Arpadne Julia, Brunissende Dragonette, Jeanne Marie Lacroix, Ian Raven of Tadcaster, Eleazar ha-Levi, Rohese de Dinan, Aritê gunê Akasa, and Mithgiladan the Herald.

Yours in Service,

Lillia de Vaux, Eastern Crown Herald

1: Aoyama Narime - New Name Change forwarded

Old Item: Nefise bint Abdullah, to be released. Her current name was registered 07/2009 (East). Narime is found in Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 3001 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/3001). The name is on a list of feminine names from the Muromachi period (1336-1573), citing NCMJ. This report also states that for buke women of that period, one appropriate name pattern was <family name + given name>. Aoyama is a surname found in the Online Japanese Miscellany (http://www.sengokudaimyo.com/miscellany/names.html. The table on this name appears is for surnames of families active prior to 1600.

Narime is a feminine given name found in NCMJ (pp. 250, 267-8), with the meanings 'become/exist' (for 'nari') dated from 784, 'perceive/understand' dated 1183, and 'life/live/living' dated 1572.

The source used for the surname, the Online Japanese Miscellany, is not acceptable as the sole source of documentation [Hayashi Yo'ichirou Norikata, LoAR 10/2008, Outlands], and NCMJ (p. 182, Light and Colour) describes Aoyama as a modern surname meaning 'blue/green mountain'. However, the surname can be constructed from the period elements Aoki 'blue/green tree', a surname found in 1568, and -yama 'mountain'. Examples of the latter are <Okuyama> 'innermost mountain' and <Ooyama> 'big mountain', both from 1568 (ibid., pp. 145, 184, and 323).

2: Bergental, Barony of - New Change of Designator forwarded

This is a change of designator, from Shire to Barony. The branch name was registered 01/1982 (East). The branch became a barony in 02/1991.

3: Black Rose, March of the - New Badge forwarded

Argent, four arrows in saltire, heads outward, sable and four roses in cross sable barbed argent

This submission is to be associated with "Shire March of Blak Rose Archers" [sic] The shire's name was registered 05/1986 (East).

Commenters thought that the arrows and roses were co-primary charges.

4: Conall mac Taichlich - New Name forwarded

The name was submitted as Conall mac Taithleach. The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Language/culture (Irish, 8th-10th century) most important. Meaning (unspecified) most important. Conall is the name of a Scottish king (Conall mac Taidg) of the late 8th to early 9th centuries mentioned twice in the Annals of Ulster (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001A/text377.html), e.g., "Iugulatio Conaill m. Taidhg o Chonall m. Aedhaein i Ciunn Tire" (U807.3). A printout of the Wiki entry on Conall mac Taidg was included by the submitter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conall_mac_taidg). In addition, there's an Irish ancester of the Hy-Conaill clan, no date given, found in J. O'Donovan, The Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, Commonly Called O'Dowda's Country(Dublin: Irish Archeological Society, 1844, p. 9). This person is found in the Annals of Tigernach 715.3 as "Conall n-Grant h-ua Cernaigh" and 733.5 as "Conall mac Concobar". Conall is also found in Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn, "100 Most Popular Men's Names in Early Medieval Ireland" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/irish100/). Taithleach is from "Eoghan Taidhleach", "a contemporary [of] Conn of the Hundred Battles" [NB: 2nd cen AD] (O'Donovan, op. cit., p. 53). Examples are "Taithleach mac Niall mac Maoileachlainn" and "Muircheartach son of Aodh son of Taithleach". The father, Aodh, died in 983, with the grandfather Taithleach being from the early to mid-10th century (ibid., p. 113). Another instance is "Taichleach mac Cenn Faeladh" (d. 728 or 731), according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taichleach_mac_Cenn_Faeladh. The Annals of Ulster 734.9 has the spelling "Taichleach", but the Annals of Tigernach 734.6 uses "Taithleach". Lastly, the submitter included a printout of the Wikipedia entry on "Taichleach Ua Dubhda", d. 1192 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taichleach_Ua_Dubhda). The formation of a Gaelic name using a simple patronymic byname (given name + mac + father's name in the genitive case) is found in Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#simplepatronymicbyname). The genitive form of the patronym is found in The Annals of the Four Masters 766.12: "Dungholach mac Taichligh" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A.html). Other instances of the genitive case were found in other annals for the 13th century and later: "Gilla Michil mac Taichlig" (Annals of Connacht, 1256.7, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100011/text033.html), "Oedh mac Taichligh I Dubhda" (Annals of Loch Cé 1201.7, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100010A/text008.html), "Orlaith, inghean Taichlig" (ibid., 1252.12, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100010A/text011.html), and "Concobur, mac Taichligh mhic Diarmata" (Annals of Ulster 1293.1, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001B/text011.html). Thus, the Taichlig(h) spelling is also possible if the submitted spelling can not be registered. However, the submitter prefers the submitted spelling. The submitter cares most about language/culture, and secondly about the meaning.

The patronym in the submitted name, mac Taithleach, was formed using the nominative form of the name. The genitive form of the patronym should be used, according to Sharon Krossa's article (op. cit). Genitive forms in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Taithlech.shtml) are Taichligh, Taichlich, and Taichlig. The name was changed to Conall mac Taichlich to correct the grammar.

Fearghus Ó ConchobhairFearghus Ó Conchobhair

5: Fearghus Ó Conchobhair - New forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per bend sinister gules and vert, a bend sinister cotised between a pheasant volant bendwise sinister and a dog statant contourny argent

The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Language/culture (Irish Gaelic) most important. Fearghus is a variant spelling of Fergus, found in Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 958 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/958). It is described as a late spelling, with Fergus as an earlier one, citing O'Brien, M.A., ed., Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae (Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976). The report states that this list contains spellings from "before and after 1200". Ó Conchobhair is found in Academy of Saint Gabriel report. no. 1344 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/1344), in which it given as a hypothetical clan name. The paragraph of the report cites Ó Clerigh, Lughaidh, Beatha Aodha Ruaidh Uí Dhomhnaill - Life of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Paul Walsh, ed. (Irish Texts Society, 1948). The submitter indicates that he would like some form of his mundane surname, Connors. Submitters were asked if setters, as depicted in this submission, are a period breed of dog.

Fearghus is a masculine given name found in Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, "Index of Names in Irish Annals" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Fearghus.shtml), with dated examples in 1402-1599. It is the standard Early Modern Irish Gaelic nominative form of the name. Conchobhair is the Early Modern Irish genitive form of the name Conchob(h)ar, which is found in Mari's article, in years 1201-1603 (op.cit., http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnnalsIndex/Masculine/Conchobar.shtml). The clan affiliation byname is formed according to Sharon Krossa, "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/#clanaffiliationbyname).

The device was redrawn with the submitter's permission to widen the cotises, and to put the pheasant in a blazonable posture. The original form had the dog blazoned as a setter, and the depiction seems to have been an Irish setter. Unfortunately, no proof could be found that this was a period breed of dog. Although the "setter" is a period breed, described as a fowler in Caius' De Canibus Britannicus from 1570, it couldn't be verified if this was the same general type of dog (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/27050/27050-h/27050-h.htm, with the side-by-side text from the 1576 English translation). A period image of a setter such as in the first emblazon could not be found. Since the device is being redrawn anyway, the emblazon how uses a talbot, but blazoned as a generic dog so that the device can be registered. This change was also made with the submitter's permission.

6: Iacobo ibn Daoud - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Argent, a bend between four dolphins azure

The submitter desires a male name. Culture (Iberian Jewish) most important. Iacobo is a form of the name Jacob, with <Iacobo Abrae Coen> found in Juliana de Luna, "Jews in Catalonia: 1250 to 1400" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/catalan-jews/CatalanJews-given-men.html), Additionally, <Jacobo de Frimonet> is found in Juliana's article "Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/). Both names were from Latin documents. The submitted spelling is also found in the Spanish text Historia del Reyno de Náples by Pandulfo Colenucio, published in Seville in 1584 (http://books.google.com/books?id=W6duhia3_KgC). For example, "Muerte de Iacobo Caldora" ('death of Jacob Caldora') appears on p. 92 of book 6, corresponding to p. 197 of the PDF. It must be noted, however, that Iacobo Caldora (1368 1439) was a general from the Kingdom of Naples, now part of Italy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Caldora).

ibn is the Arabic particle meaning `son'. It is found in Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm), as is the formation of patronyms in Arabic. Jewish men also used this particle, e.g., <Ibn Hiba>, found in Yohoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Jewish Names in the World of Medieval Islam" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/jews_in_cairo/index.html). The article also states that, "[i]n the medieval Islamic world [patronyms] could be formed with the grammatical contraction Ben in Hebrew, or Bar in Aramaic or with the Arabic ibin. In some cases the names have been translated simply with the patronymic indicator as `b.' leaving us to guess which form was used originally...In addition in Spain the Latin Filius is sometimes seen, but probably only in Spanish or Latin Christian sources not in documents written by Jews or Muslims." This seems to indicate that the Arabic particle could have been used in Spanish context as well.

Daoud is a form of David. David is found in Julie Stampnitsky, "Medieval Jewish Names Research" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/masc/david.html), which states that it appears in Hebrew accounts in 880-8 and 920-40 in Iraq, 1096 in Germany, and 1171 in France, both as a given name and in patronyms. The name is also used in Arabic contexts. In the transliteration notes in Da'ud's article (op. cit.), he stated that he found the submitted spelling while researching his name, so it is presumably a valid spelling in period. Both David and D{a-}'{u-}d appear in Yohoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Jewish Names in the World of Medieval Islam" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/jews_in_cairo/cairo_men.html). D{a-}'{u-}d is also found in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada, "Jewish Names in Ottoman Court Records (16th C Jerusalem)" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/Jerusalem/Men.shtml). In Juliana's article "Jews in Catalonia: 1250-1400" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/catalan-jews/CatalanJews-given-men.html#alpha), the name is found as David, Davi, and Davui in Latin context. Further assistance finding the submitted spelling, Daoud, in period is appreciated, although precedent states that, "[i]n the cases of languages that do not use Roman alphabets (such as Chinese, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, etc.) we register transliterations using period transliteration systems and modern standard transliterations systems" [Avraham Harofeh, 10/2003 A-Atlantia]. The submitted spelling is found ("Saidna ben Daoud") in the 12th century itinerary by Benjamin of Tudela (from Navarre), purportedly transliterated from Arabic [Jacob Rader Marcus and Marc Saperstein in The Jew in the Medieval World: A Source Book, 315-1791, Hebrew Union College Press, 1999; http://books.google.com/books?id=PCalmtflYtEC, p. 210)]. At the least, this shows that Daoud is a valid transliteration, although it could not be determined if it was spelled that way in the original source, or if it was a modern transliteration. Either way, it should be registerable using this precedent.

The combination of an Arabic patronym with a Latinized given name does not yet appear to have been ruled upon. However, as the given name was also found in a Spanish-language source, it should be able to be combined with the Arabic patronym with one step from period practice [Damiana al-Andalusiyya, 08/04]. If the instance of the given name must be considered as an Italian form of the name (since it was used by an Napolese general), the use of the Arabic particle ibn also appears in Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Names of Jews in Rome In the 1550's" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_article.html), e.g., <Avigdor called Verga Dora ibn Loro>, <Jehudah Cohen di David Cohen ibn Nardush>, <Jehudah di Giuseppe Ibn Passat>, and <Bongiulo Ibn Loro> are found (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_names.html). These names are taken from Hebrew records "peppered with Italian terms", showing that vernacular Italian names were intermixed with Hebrew and Arabic. As such, this name could be plausible in Italy as well. The combination of Italian and Arabic is also registerable with a step from period practice [Amat al-Shakoor di Riccardo, 10/2004]. If necessary for registration, the submitter will accept Iacobo ben Daoud, using the Hebrew particle documented above.

Iron BogIron Bog

7: Iron Bog, Barony of - New Badge forwarded

Per chevron inverted argent and sable, three swords conjoined at the point counterchanged and in base two bill hooks argent

The Barony's name was registered 03/1984 (East), and the designator updated 02/2010 (East).

With the submitter's permission, the device was redrawn to ensure that all elements could be identified.

8: Isolda Fairamay - Resub Device forwarded

Azure, in fess a trident bendwise Or sustained by a mermaid proper, a gore Or

Her name was registered and this same device returned for a redraw on the 10/2010 LOAR (East):

This device is returned for lack of identifiability of the co-primary trident. Using the standard ten-foot rule, the trident disappears into the background. Drawing it wider, and with a better blue background, will probably clear up the identifiability issue.

Properly drawn, it is clear of the device of Fionaghal nan Eilean, Azure, in fess a brunette mermaid facing sinister and sustaining a drawn bow with arrow nocked all proper, reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the change of type and tincture of the co-primary held charge, as well as a CD for the orientation of the mermaid and a CD for the addition of the gore.

Properly drawn, it is also clear of the device of Ondine Patru de Limantour, Azure, in pale a scarf enarched gules with a stripe purpure sustained by a blonde mermaid contourny proper, also reblazoned elsewhere in this letter. There is a CD for the change of type of the co-primary charge, a CD for the change of arrangement of the charges, and a CD for the addition of the gore.

9: Jean Corbeau de Montaigne - Resub Name forwarded & Resub Device forwarded

Argent, on a compass star azure a compass star Or, in chief three mullets and a base wavy azure

This is a resubmission of Jean de la Montaigne, which was returned in 09/2006 (East) for conflict:

The name conflicts with Jean de Montaigne, registered April 1996. The given name and the descriptive element of the byname are identical. The addition of the article la is not sufficient difference to clear conflict.

Jean is a masculine given name found with 69 instances in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Names from Artois, 1601" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/french/1601masc.html), s.n. Jean. Corbeau 'crow' is a byname found in Academy of Saint Gabriel report no. 3162 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/3162):

The modern French Word <corbeau> means 'crow'...

The earlier form of <Corbeau> is <Corbel>, which we find used as a byname in the 13th C, 1340, 1404, and 1438. [8] While we haven't found any example of <Corbeau>, the variant <Corbaut> can be found in 1389 and 1422. [8] We believe that <Corbeau> itself is a plausible as early as the 13th century, and that it could have been quite common by the 14th. We can therefore tentatively recommend <Corbeau> as a fine 16th-century byname.

[8] Morlet, Marie-Therese, Etude d'anthroponymie picarde, les noms de personne en Haute Picardie aux XIIIe, XIVe, siecles (Amiens, Musee de Picardie, 1967), pp. 306, 322

de Montaigne is the byname of the essayist Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), who published several books. A copy of the 1580 edition of his Essais, showing the submitted spelling, is found at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k701340/f2.image.pagination.r=Montaigne.langEN. A similar byname, de la Montaigne is found dated 1506 in Loveday Toddekyn, "Flemish Names from Bruges" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/docs/bruges/byname-list3.html).

The device is a resubmission of Argent, a compass star voided, in chief three mullets and in base a bar wavy azure, returned 09/2006 (East):

This device is returned for conflict with a badge of Lorimer MacAltin of Garioch, Argent, on a compass star azure a thistle couped argent. In June 2002 Laurel ruled:

We can thus see that the three following very dissimilar-sounding blazons can all be drawn identically, and thus should be considered heraldically equivalent: A lozenge Or charged with a lozenge gules, A lozenge Or voided gules, and A lozenge gules fimbriated Or. This heraldic equivalence will apply for any charge "simple enough to void" by the criteria stated in the Cover Letter for the November 1992 LoAR. When checking for conflict with armory using fimbriation or voiding, all these interpretations should be considered when checking for conflict, and if one of the interpretations conflicts, the two pieces of armory conflict. This does not seem overly restrictive when one considers the rarity of armory in period featuring voided or fimbriated charges, or arms with the design of A "charge" charged with "the same type of charge". These are very uncommon designs in period. Period viewers probably had the same sorts of problems that we have when interpreting such designs. [Cecily of Whitehaven, 06/02, R-Æthelmearc]

Consider Jean's device as Argent, on a compass star azure a compass star argent, in chief three mullets and in base a bar wavy azure. Against Lorimer's badge there is a CD for adding the secondary charges. However, as there are more than two types of charges on the field, at least two visually significant changes to the tertiary charges are required to gain a CD under RfS X.4.j.ii. Changing the type only of the tertiary charge from a thistle to a compass star is insufficient for the necessary second CD.

The submitter has changed the tinctures of the compass star to clear the conflict.

10: Kennocht MacAndrew - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Per pale Or and purpure, a keyhole counterchanged, overall a crescent gules

The name was submitted as Cináed MacAndrew. The submitter desires a male name. No major changes. Client requests authenticity for language/culture (not specified). Meaning (unspecified) most important. The submitter's persona is 12th century Northern Scottish (in the region of Wick). The submitter states that this supports the use of the element Mac, "which is supported by established research not needed to be re-presented here." Documentation was not provided. The given name Cináed is intended as a version of the name 'Kenneth' and was most noted by King Cináed macAlpin, 9th century. Documentation was not provided. The submitter's stepfather's name, Andrew MacRobb, was registered 11/1982 (East). The legal relationship is attested in the Letter of Permission to Conflict for the device. The documentation summary made it clear that the submitter wished to use the grandfather class for the Andrew in the byname. A letter of permission to conflict with the device of his father has been obtained:

I, <legal name>, known in the SCA as Lord Andrew MacRobb give my stepson, <legal name>, known in the SCA as Cinaed MacAndrew permission for his armory "Per Pale, Or and Purpure, a keyhole counter changed, overall a crescent gules" to look similar to, but not identical to, my armory, "Per Pale, or and purpure, a keyhole counter changed". I understand that this permission cannot be withdrawn once Cinaed MacAndrew's armory is registered.

Signed, Jan. 14, 2011

The submitter marked the authenticity request checkbox, but didn't tell us what language/culture/time period he actually wanted. When he was contacted to clarify his wishes, he decided to change the name to a wholly Scots form, Kennocht MacAndrew. The given name is found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Index of Scots names found in Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" ( http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/scots/dost/kennocht.html), dated 1576, and Andrew dated 1515-1606 (ibid., http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/scots/dost/andrew.html). In addition, Black, s.n. MacAndrew has the following dated forms: <Makandro> (1502), <McAndro> (1613), and <McAndrew> (1618). As the latter can be expanded to the submitted spelling, the submitter does not need to rely upon the legal relationship or grandfather clause.

Although SCA heraldry doesn't normally use the so-called "banana crescent", they are found in period heraldry (e.g., in the c. 1405 Wapenboek Beyeren, http://www.kb.nl/bladerboek/wapenboek/browse/page_006r.xml, or the well-known arms of Bélteki Drágffy György és testvére János, dated 1507, http://www.arcanum.hu/mol/lpext.dll/mol_cimer/1/26?f=templates&fn=main-h.htm&2.0). As such, the device is being forwarded without a redraw.

11: Kirstinn Gunnarsdotter of Bergental - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Lozengy gules and ermine, a bend sinister cotised azure

Kirstinn is dated 1508 in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Swedish Feminine Given Names from SMP" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/swedish/smp/christina.html), s.n. Christina. Gunnar is a Swedish male name in SMP, s.n. Gunnar (http://www.sofi.se/5187), with dates ranging over several centuries. Contemporary with the desired spelling of the given name, there are Gunnar Olsson i Stocholm (1503), Gunnar Olsson (1503), and Gunnar (1506). of Bergental is a locative byname based on the branch name Bergental, Shire of (01/1982, East). Aryanhwy's article cited above supports the formation of a feminine patronymic byname by adding -dotter to the father's name in the genitive case. Examples in SMP, s.n. Gunnar are Katherine Gunnars dotter (1434), Brigitta Gwnnars dotter (1507), Margrit Gwnnarsdotther (1448), and Helgha Gunnars dotter (1446). The submitted spelling is a reasonable interpolation from those examples.

The device is clear of Annora Wallace (10/2005, Caid), Checky sable and argent, a bend sinister azure, with one CD for changing the field and another for adding cotises. The device is also clear of Klara Landrada Buckholz von Koln (11/1998, Middle), Or, a bend sinister cotised between four mascles azure, with one CD for changing the field and another for removing the mascles.

12: Lillian atte Valeye - New Device forwarded

Or, in bend a fleur-de-lys sable inverted between a fleur-de-lys vert and a fleur-de-lys purpure, in chief three bells sable

Her name was registered 02/2005 (East).

Commenters were unanimous that this device was not in a period style; however, it did not actually break any of the Rules of Submission. However, there is a precedent that states the following:

Questions were raised regarding having...three roundels in three different tinctures. While were unable, in a quick look, to find an example of the same charge in three different tinctures, the Dictionary of British Armory, 2 shows the arms of Milo Fitzwalter of Glouster as Gules, two bends the upper Or and lower argent, making the use of the same change in three different tinctures only one weirdness [LoAR February 1998].

This precedent has since been reaffirmed [Timur al-Badawi, 07/2003, Artemisia]. This left the question of whether changing the orientation of one of three primary charges (excluding obvious arrangements like in pall) would introduce a second step from period practice. Two possible examples were found in the Großes Wappenbuch, enthaltend die Wappen der deutschen Kaiser, der europäischen Königs- und Fürstenhäuser, der Päpste und Kardinäle, Bischöfe und Äbte bis zu den lebenden Repräsentanten zur Zeit der Regentschaft Kaiser Rudolfs II. und Papst Gregors XIII. - Cod.icon. 333, [S.l.] Süddeutschland, 1583 - 1700 [BSB-Hss Cod.icon. 333] . The first was the arms of Gaesbeke, which has two axe heads that are bendwise, and a third that is bendwise sinister (http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00002481/images/index.html?id=00002481&fip=eayayztsewqeayaxssdasyztsqrseayaxs&no=31&seite=37). The second has two palewise hunting horns and one that is fesswise (http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00002481/images/index.html?id=00002481&fip=eayayztsewqeayaxssdasyztsqrseayaxs&no=65&seite=69). Another two examples from Wappen deutscher Geschlechter - BSB Cod.icon. 311, Augsburg ?, 4. Viertel 15. Jh. [BSB-Hss Cod.icon. 311] (http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00001650/image_129) have crescents in various orientations. As a result, it was decided that the device could be forwarded for futher discussion by the College of Arms as to whether the arrangement was a problem.

13: Malka bint Daoud - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Azure, a palm tree and in chief three mullets of six points one and two argent

The submitter desires a female name. Meaning (spelling of the given name, meaning 'Malka daughter of David') most important. Malka is a feminine given name derived from the common noun `queen' found in Beider, A Dictionary of Ashkenazic Names (Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, Inc., 2001), s.n. Malke (pp. 536-7). A form of the name, <Malqua>, is found in southern France in 1365. Assistance finding the name in a Sephardic context is appreciated. A presumably similar name, <Malika> is found in Juliana de Luna, "Jewish Women's Names in an Arab Context: Names from the Geniza of Cairo" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/geniza.html). In addition, a <Malca di Elia Corcos> is found in Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Names of Jews in Rome In the 1550's" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_names.html). The records used as a source were written in Hebrew, with some Italian terms. Robert Ignatius Burns, Jews in the notarial culture: Latinate wills in Mediterranean Spain, 1250-1350 (University of California Press, 1996, http://books.google.com/books?id=-iIQ_A9GQJwC, p. 8), states that Malka is not found in Catalan documents, although other names meaning 'queen' were. There is a Moroccan Jewish philosopher, Judah ben Nissim ibn Malkah, who lived in the latter half of the 13th century (Dan Cohn-Sherbok, Medieval Jewish philosophy: an introduction, Psychology Press, 1996, http://books.google.com/books?id=jO7OfURydycC, p. 119). As such, the name seems to have existed in some form in a Sephardic context, although it could not be determined if the name in this case was the same as the feminine given name. A bit later, there is a <Malca/Reina> ("equivalent names in Hebrew and Spanish") who was the wife of Samuel Pallache, who died in 1616 (Mercedes García-Arenal, Gerard Albert Wiegers, A man of three worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe, JHU Press, 2003, http://books.google.com/books?id=QbZRl9DMIPMC, p. 12). I was not able to confirm if Malca and Reina were used interchangeably in the primary sources used to prepare that book.

bint is the Arabic particle meaning `daughter'. It is found in Da'ud ibn Auda, "Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/arabic-naming2.htm), as is the formation of patronyms in Arabic.

Daoud is a form of David. David is found in Julie Stampnitsky, "Medieval Jewish Names Research" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/masc/david.html), which states that it appears in Hebrew accounts in 880-8 and 920-40 in Iraq, 1096 in Germany, and 1171 in France, both as a given name and in patronyms. The name is also used in Arabic contexts. In the transliteration notes in Da'ud's article (op. cit.), he stated that he found the submitted spelling while researching his name, so it is presumably a valid spelling in period. Both David and D{a-}'{u-}d appear in Yohoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Jewish Names in the World of Medieval Islam" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/jews_in_cairo/cairo_men.html). D{a-}'{u-}d is also found in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada, "Jewish Names in Ottoman Court Records (16th C Jerusalem)" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/Jerusalem/Men.shtml). In Juliana's article "Jews in Catalonia: 1250-1400" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/catalan-jews/CatalanJews-given-men.html#alpha), the name is found as David, Davi, and Davui in Latin context.

Further assistance finding the submitted spelling, Daoud, in period is appreciated, although precedent states that, "[i]n the cases of languages that do not use Roman alphabets (such as Chinese, Russian, Arabic, Hebrew, etc.) we register transliterations using period transliteration systems and modern standard transliterations systems" [Avraham Harofeh, 10/2003 A-Atlantia]. The submitted spelling is found ("Saidna ben Daoud") in the 12th century itinerary by Benjamin of Tudela (from Navarre), purportedly transliterated from Arabic [Jacob Rader Marcus and Marc Saperstein, The Jew in the Medieval World: A Source Book, 315-1791, Hebrew Union College Press, 1999; http://books.google.com/books?id=PCalmtflYtEC, p. 210)]. At the very least, this shows that Daoud is a valid transliteration, although whether it was modern or period could not be determined. Either way, it should be registerable using this precedent.

The submitter's second choice is Malka bat Daoud, where bat is the Sephardic transliteration of the Hebrew beth-tav, `daughter'. This particle is found in Julie Stampnitsky, "Medieval Jewish Naming Research: Glossary for Titles and Bynames" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juetta/titles.html). In Juliana de Luna's article (op. cit.), the abbreviation b. was used, so it is not know if bint or bat was intended. It is also stated that the names were mostly Arabic, although they were rendered in Hebrew letters. As such, the use of either is plausible. Yohoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi, "Jewish Names in the World of Medieval Islam" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/jews_in_cairo/index.html) also states that, "[i]n the Islamic world Jews would have existed in a linguistic dualism moving back and forth between Arabic and Hebrew, and in some cases Spanish and Aramaic. The names that they gave their children reflect this and represent a mix of forms. Jews appear with classical Hebrew biblical names in both the Hebrew form, and with Arabic cognates of those names which appear to be used interchangeably. Many Jews also appear in the documents with classical Arabic names. The patterns of Arabic names especially among women appear to vary somewhat between Jews and Muslims." Such mixing of Hebrew and Arabic particles also occurred for men, per Yohoshua's article "Names of Jews in Rome In the 1550's" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/rome_article.html); whether this was done for women in this time/place is not discussed in this article.

The submitter cares most about the spelling of the given name, as it is her Hebrew name (although not her legal name).

Beider (ibid., pp. 16, 22-3) uses Malka as an example of loan translations, with the corresponding French, Spanish, and Latin forms <Reine>, <Reina>, and <Regina>, respectively. The mention of French and Spanish forms seems to imply that this practice occurred outside of Ashkenazic context. <Regina> 'queen' is found in Juliana de Luna, "Jews in Catalonia: 1250-1400" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/catalan-jews/). The names in this article were compiled from Robert I. Burns, Jews in Notarial Culture: Latinate Wills in Mediterranean Spain, 1250-1350. As the corresponding wills in Hebrew have not survived, it could not be determined if this instance represented a loan translation or calque of a Hebrew Malka. Considering the southern French instance of Malqua, the fact that Catalan and Occitan are related languages, and there was an influx of Occitan names due to mass migrations of Jews from Occitania into Aragon and Catalonia in 1291, 1306, and 1322 (per Burns' book), I am giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt that the name could exist in Spain as well.

If necessary, we can contact the submitter to get documentation that it is her Hebrew name. If such documentation is available, the name can be registered using the legal name allowance [Liora eishet Yehoshua, 04/2001, Middle] and [Levia Rhys Llaw Wen, 09/1992].

Marquese de CarvalhalMarquesa de Carvalhal

14: Marquesa de Carvalhal - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Azure, in pale an owl displayed sustaining an open book proper, on a chief engrailed argent three annulets of leaves vert

The name was submitted as Markesa de Carvalhal. The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Language/culture (Iberian) most important. Markesa is a feminine form of the given name Marko, formed by adding the suffix -(i)ssa. It is found as a header form in Karen Larsdatter, "Basque Onomastics of the Eighth to Sixteenth Centuries" (http://www.larsdatter.com/basque/1mn.htm). The introduction to the section with the given names (http://www.larsdatter.com/basque/appendix1.htm) states that the header forms are modern Basque spellings. The attested spellings are Marchesa (1211), Marquesa (1211, 13th-14th centuries), and Marquessa (1366). Assistance finding the submitted spelling is appreciated. If the name must be changed, the submitter will accept the attested spelling Marquesa (ibid.). This spelling is also found with an incidence of two in in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "Portuguese Names from Lisbon, 1565" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/portuguese/fem1565.html). de Carvalhal 'from a grove or forest of oaks' is a Portuguese toponymic surname found with an incidence of one (ibid., http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/portuguese/sur1565.html). Eastern Crown could not find a precedent on the combination of Basque and Portuguese, although Portuguese and Spanish can be combined with no step from period practice [Lianor de Najera, 02/2009]. The use of a bird, other than an eagle, displayed is a step from period practice.

As the submitted spelling of the given name is a modern spelling, and evidence of the submitted spelling in period could not be found, the name was changed to the attested spelling Marquesa. The device was redrawn with the submitter's permission in order to remove an extra wing.

15: Michael Leopold - Resub Device forwarded

Sable, a moose head cabossed argent and a bordure barry wavy azure and argent

His name is on the Nov. 30, 2010 External Letter of Intent (East). This is a resubmission of Or, a moose head caboshed sable within a bordure embattled barry wavy azure and argent, which was on the Oct. 6, 2010 Internal Letter of Intent (East), but was withdrawn by the submitter.

16: Sera filia Josce - Resub Name forwarded

The submitter desires a female name. No major changes. Language/culture (Jewish woman in Angevin England) most important. The original submission, Sera bat Josce, was returned on the 06/2010 LoAR (East):

The byname bat Josce mixes Hebrew bat and the Latinized English Josce, a form of the Hebrew Yosef. While both elements are used in Jewish names, they cannot be combined for two reasons. First, English Jews used bas rather than bat for the form meaning "daughter (of)." While bat was used by Sephardic Jews in other parts of Europe, it cannot be combined in a single name phrase with Josce, a form found only in England. Second, Josce is an Anglicized form, which does not seem to have been used even in England with Hebrew forms like bas.

A completely (English context) Hebrew form of this byname is bas Yosef, while an English form of this byname is filia Josce. In addition, the English context Jewish name Sera could be combined with the Sephardic Hebrew byname bat Yosef.

Any of these bynames would be registerable in combination with Sera. However, as changing the byname to any of these would be a major change (as each changes the language of one word in the byname), this name must be returned.

The submitter would like to follow Laurel's suggestion, and register the English form of the byname. Sera is listed as a variant of the feminine name Sarah in Eleazar ha-Levi: "Jewish Naming Convention in Angevin England" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/jewish.html). Josce is listed as a variant of the masculine name Joseph (ibid.). The cited article also indicates that fil was used as the patronymic particle for 'son' (filius) or 'daughter' (filia) .

17: Shely Magennis - New Name forwarded & New Device returned

Quarterly sable and argent, in bend two phoenixes argent

Shely is found s.n. Síle in Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada, "Names Found in Anglicized Irish Documents" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnglicizedIrish/Feminine.shtml), s.n. Shillie. Magennis is a surname found dated 1551, 1561, 1564, and 1573 in Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Ireland, of the Reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth (State Paper Department of H.M. Public Record Office, Vol. 1, http://books.google.com/books?id=e1gMAQAAIAAJ, pp. 118-9, 179, 232, 505). The name pattern <given name + family name> is found in also found in Mari's article (op. cit., http://www.medievalscotland.org/kmo/AnglicizedIrish/).

Dated examples of the given name in the cited article are <Shely Darcy (1600)>, <Shely ny Madden, his wife> (1585), and <Shely nyen Teane> (1600). The surname also is found in 1642 in 'House of Lords Journal, vol. 5: 27 September 1642', Journal of the House of Lords: vol. 5: 1642-1643 (1767-1830), pp. 373-5 (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=34911). If the surname is English, and not Anglicized Irish as had been supposed, Anglicized Irish and English can be combined without a step from period practice [Meave Cunningham, 09/2010, An Tir].

The device is returned for conflict with Finnseach de Lochiell (10/1997, Middle), Per bend sinister sable and vert, in bend two phoenixes argent. There is only one CD for the cumulative changes to the field.

18: Symon Fitz Gilbert - New Badge forwarded

Gules crucilly moline Or

His name and device, Gules, a boar's head erased close and on a chief Or three mullets gules, were registered 05/2004 (East).

The device should be clear of Katerine Bontemps (05/2007, Ansteorra), Gules, in bend two crosses moline disjointed Or, with one CD for changing the number of crosses, and another for changing from a cross moline to one disjointed. (A cross moline disjointed can be blazoned as a cross moline charged with a cross throughout [Catlyn Kinnesswood, 10/2005, Caid].)

19: Theodora Bryennissa - New Name forwarded & New Device forwarded

Argent, a tassel and a chief engrailed azure, a bordure sable

Theodora is a feminine given name found in Bardas Xiphias, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_fem_names.html). The name also appears in Bardas Xiphias, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/fem_given_names.html), dated 1059. Bryennissa is the feminine form of the family name Bryennios, which is dated 717 in Bardas Xiphias, "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era" (http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/family_names.html#family_names.html). The name pattern <given name + feminized form of father or husband's given name> and feminization of family names are also discussed in this article (ibid., http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/structures.html#feminine_names and http://heraldry.sca.org/laurel/names/byzantine/feminizing.html). The feminization of this family name is an exception to the normal rules, and is discussed in the text under the table. The family name Bryennios is also found in the Prosopography of the Byzantine World (PBW) Database (http://www.pbw.kcl.ac.uk/pbw/apps/), dated 1063. The PBW's seals database also contains a seal dated 1075-1085 (1080), with "Mother of God. / Theotokos aid Maria Bryennissa, magistrissa" written in Greek (http://linnet.cch.kcl.ac.uk:8080/seals/seals_boulloterion.jsp?bKey=161).

20: Wilham de Broc - Resub Device forwarded

Quarterly per fess wavy azure and argent, in bend sinister two cats rampant azure

His name was registered and his device, Quarterly per fess wavy azure and argent, in bend sinister two ounces rampant to sinister azure, was returned on the 11/2010 LOAR (East):

This device was withdrawn by the submitter. Were it not withdrawn, it would be returned for conflict with the device of Alisaunder le Lyon, Argent, two lions in fess sejant erect contourny azure. There is a CD for the field. There is not a CD for the forced change of position of Wilham's cats. There is also not a CD for the difference between rampant and sejant erect.

The submitter has changed the orientation of the ounces in order to clear the conflict.

21: Wulfgang Gruenwald - New Name forwarded

The submitter desires a male name. Language (unspecified) most important. Culture (unspecified) most important. Wulfgang is the name of a monk from Einsiedeln who did missionary work at the end of the 10th century, just before St. Stephen came to the throne [Edward Cuthbert Butler, Benedictine Monoachism: Studies in Benedictine Life and Rule, p. 317; http://books.google.com/books?id=0E9H2ZV6XK8C]. Gruenwald is based on Bahlow/Gentry, s.n. Grunewald, with Hinrich Grunewalt, Schweidnitz 1322 as a CentrGer.-Sil form. In UGer (freq. in Mnch), there is Grünwald, cf. the painter Matthias Grünwald from Würzburg. See also LGer. Grönwold. The submitted spelling was not found in the documentation summary, so assistance justifying it would be appreciated.

The submitted spelling of the given name could not be found. However, Wolfgang was found in Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Names from Nürnberg, 1497" (http://heraldry.sca.org/names/german/nurnberg1497.html), with seven instances. Elmet noted that Bahlow/Gentry, s.n. Wulf(f) has <Wulf filius Wolberti> (1286) and <Wulf Pudwills> (1435), which may support the submitted spelling, especially as Wulf is the Lower German form of Wolf [ibid., s.nn. Wolf(f) and Wulf(f)].

Aryanhwy merch Catmael, "German Place Names from a 16th C Czech Register" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/german/modernperiod.html) has <Gruen> as one of the period spellings of the modern <Grün bei Krugsreuth>. The same article includes the suffixes -wald and -waldt, e.g., <Schönwald> and <Schlackenwaldt>. Secondly, a prior registration gave the following citations:

Submitted as Elspeth von dem Grüwalde, the submitter requested an authentic German name. The byname von dem Grünewalde was documented on the LoI as a constructed byname, but no dated bynames using the spelling grün- were provided. Bahlow/Gentry, s.n. Grunewald dates Hinrich Grunewalt to 1322 and s.n. Wald(e) dates Wernher zu dem Walde to 1361. Margaret Makafee provides 14th century examples of the spelling gruen- from http://www.monisterium.net, including Ruedger der Piper von Gruenwerch 1319, Vlreichen von Gruenwurch 1340, and Anna die Gruenpekchinn in 1394. Together, these examples supports [sic] Gruenwalde as a plausible 14th C form of the byname. We have changed the name to Elspeth_Gruenwalde to meet her request for authenticity [Elspeth Gruenwalde, 08/2008, Calontir]

It was thought that the submitted spelling of the byname was a reasonable interpolation, but did not know if the name was in one dialect or a combination.

Standard Bibliography:

[Bahlow/Gentry] Bahlow, Hans. Deutsches Nameslexikon. (transl. Edda Gentry).

[NCMJ] Solveig Throndardottir. Name Construction in Mediaeval Japan.

[SMP] Sveriges medeltida personnamn (SMP).