Academy of St. Gabriel, client 1846 [PCA].

Submitter wishes a name that is appropriate for 16th century Irish.

Ailionóra – Gaelic adoption of Eleanor. Earliest record of name in Ireland is for a woman who died in 1497.

inghean – later period Gaelic, "daughter of"

Fhaolain – Faolán, man's name in Ireland after 1200, mutated to form the patronymic.

Ailionora – Irish Names by OCorrain and Maguire, p.18, give examples of this name dated to 1497 and 1589.

Pilib – Irish Names, by OCorrain and Maguire, p.153, state that this name was brougt into Ireland by Anglo-Norman settlers.

ó Corcrain – s.n. "(o) Corcoran" , The Surnames of Ireland, Edward MacLysaght, 4th ed., p.58

On the basis of these references, it is believed that Ailionora inghean Pilib 0 Corcrain is an appropriate name for a woman of Anglo-Irish parentage living in Ireland between 1200 and l6OOad

[Note – documentation does not include the accents.]

Sable, a fleur-de-lys and a bordure argent.

"Aliénor" – Withycombe, pp 96-97, under Eleanor(a), Elinor. Aliénor is given as a Provençal form of Helen, first introduced into England by Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204).

"LeGier" – Dauzat, p 379, under Léger. Légier is listed as the archaic form of Léger.

Submission form lists the submitted name as "Aliénor Le Gier (dicte Des Trois Maisons)", and does not allow any changes (major or minor) to the submitted name. Suggestions on how to deal with this are welcome.

Per chevron Or and purpure, in chief a hurt [roundel azure].

Both given names taken from the Academy of St. Gabriel's list and are common in Spain in the 16th c. (auth: Elsbeth Anne Roth). [PCA, but edited so no URL is included.]

Andalucia – Region in S. Spain. Named by the Moors in 8th C and not assimilated into K. of Castile until end of 15th C. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15^th ed (1988) pp 379-380 [PCA].

Azure, argent, vert schneckenwise [sic], a bordure wavy Or.

Name registered 11/90, via the East. Dexter chief division is azure, sinister chief is argent, base is vert. Suggestions for alternate blazons of the field division are welcome.

Argent, within a cross moline voided (cross recercelée) throughout vert, 9 roses in cross gules seeded Or.

NDP. Submitter requests a French name.

Quarterly gules and azure, a lion rampant guardant lozengy argent and sable maintaining a gauntlet argent.

Bertran – Withycombe, p 49, under Bertram, lists Bertran(d) as a French form of the name. Reaney & Wilson, p 30 (under Bartram et al), lists Henry Bertran c 1155, apparently as a patronymic from Bertrannus.

de Bancroft – Reaney & Wilson, p 26 (under Bancroft et al), lists Stephen de Bancroft, 1222.

Azure, in pale an open book and a bee argent.

Branwen – submission cites the article "Concerning the Names _Branwen, Bronwen_ and the Like", by Heather Rose Jones (known in the SCA as Tangwystl ferch Morgant Glasfryn), http://www.MedievalScotland.org/problem/names/branwen.shtml . However, the article does not support the use of the name in this spelling before the 19th century, except for the literary character in the story in The White Book of Rhydderch and The Red Book of Hergest (collectively, popularly known as The Mabinogian).

filia – Latin, "daughter of". Attested in at least one period document of Wales (The Merioneth Lay Subsidy Roll of 1292–3, cited at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/welsh13.html, auth: Tangwystl). Welsh verch is found in documents of a similar period.

Iohannes – ibid, Latin form of John. Note that Latin form should be in Genitive case. Anyone know a Genitive form of Iohannes?

de Monmouth – "of Monmouth".

Submitter desires meaning (Branwen daughter of John of Monmouth) and language/culture (Wales, before 13th c.)

Argent, between 2 beavers combattant a column gules.

Azure, an oak tree [couped and] blasted argent.

Cecilia – De Bracton, Nicolaa, "A Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England, 1182-1272". http://members.xoom.com/nicolaa/names.html

Attewode – Reaney, P. H. A Dictionary of British Surnames. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. pg 14 - Attwood.

Per fess azure and purpure over all a bar wavy Or.

Previous name submission, Tearlach of Loch Ness, was returned at kingdom for naming style (mixed languages). Device was pended at that time.

Charlie: diminutive of Charles, introduced to Britain 1566 when Mary Queen of Scots named her son Charles James. Hanks & Hodges, p 60. Submitter will accept Charles if necessary, but would prefer Charlie.

Giggleswick: cited as a town in North Yorkshire. Actually a parish, in the west-division and liberty of Staincliffe. See http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Giggleswick/GiggleswickHistory.html

Azure, a chevron vert fimbriated Or between three caravels argent.

Name on form is "Ciarnait O'Broin", but the name I have registered is "Ciarnait inghean Bhroin" (9906 East).

Her previous submission, Azure, a chevron wavy between three two-masted caravels argent, was returned on ILoI 1999-04, for conflict with Eleanore of West Riding (Oct 88), Azure, a chevron wavy between three maltese crosses argent, with one CD for the type of secondary charges. This submission adds [at least] second CD for the changes of the chevron (there is another for the edge treatment of the chevron).

[Fieldless] A hare salient to sinister per pale azure and argent.

Badge is to be associated with the baronial Order of the Snow Hare (submitted in this LoI).

[Fieldless] A great helm argent.

[Fieldless] Three rapiers engaged, two engaged proper over the third to base, argent.

All three rapiers are argent.

[Fieldless] Two arrows sinister over a strung bow sinister argent.

Submitted Name: Order of the Snow Hare

An order name to be used to acknowledge the accomplishments of minors within the barony.

Submitted Name: Golden Stag Herald

Proposed title for herald of Montvale, incorporating the main charge of the shire's device, Sable, a stag salient within a laurel wreath Or, a bordure indented ermine (0183, East), and badge, [Fieldless] A stag springing Or charged with an ermine spot

Azure, a bend wavy between a fox statant [guardant] argent and a willow tree Or.

Previous device submission (same blazon) was returned at kingdom level for redraw (ILoI 1999-04).

Fergus – s.n. "Fergus",lrish Names, O'Corrain and Maguire, p.97

s.n. "Fergus", Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, E.G. Withycombe, 2nd ed, p.112

O'Farrell – s.n. "O'Farrell, Ferall", The Surnames of Ireland, Edward MacLysaght, 4th ed, p.104

Fenwick – s.n. "Fenwick", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, Eilert Eckwall, 4th ed , p 178

O'Corrain and Maguire write that Fergus is found from the earliest Irish history through the nineteenth Century. Withycombe notes that Fergus is "mainly Scottish and Irish, but occasionally used in the north of England". MacLysaght speaks of the O'Farrell family, "whose chief seat was Longford, formerly called Longphort ui Fearghail (ie. O'Farrell's Fortress)". Irish Place Names, by Flannagan and Flannagan, p 118, dates this name to 1430. Ekwall finds the earliest record of the town of Fenwick in Northumberland in 1166. We believe that these facts indicate that Fergus O'Farrell of Fenwick is an appropriate name for a man of Irish descent born in northeastern England prior to 1600 AD

Sable, two hollyhock leaves slipped within and conjoined to a bordure argent.

[Normally, I summarize the documentation as best I can. However, I was unable to come up with a good way to summarize in this case, so I am presenting the submitter’s documentation for "Fujiwara" verbatim, including footnotes.]

——

Names Claiming Rank – Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous. Claim to membership in a uniquely royal family is also considered presumptuous, although use of some dynastic surnames do not necessarily claim royal rank. For example, there was a Scottish dynasty named Stewart, but there were also many other Stewart families so use of that surname does not link one unmistakably to the royal house. Hohenstaufen, on the other hand, seems to have only been used by the line of Holy Roman Emperors, so its use makes a clear dynastic claim.

I understand that Fujiwara has been placed in the category of restricted names because it is believed that it implies membership in the Royal Family of Japan. I intend to demonstrate to the College of Heralds that this is not true and that the restriction should be lifted.

1) The mere use of a surname in Japan implied nobility. This "nobility" is not rank, but rather the kind of nobility to which all members of our Society pretend. In other words, surnamed Japanese were of the noble class, but not necessarily titled. Commoners did not have surnames at a1l¹. Indeed, many Japanese families only chose surnames at the beginning of this century in response to Western pressures and the Meiji reforms.

a) The popular names Minamoto (Genji) and Taira (Heike) were given to sixth-generation descendants of the Emperor. These names did in fact imply that one was related to royalty² although that relationship itself bore no rank (see below).

b) Fujiwara, on the other hand, was a surname conferred upon Nakatomi Kamako who helped restore the Emperor to power in the seventh century³. He was not the Emperor's blood relation. This gift of name was to be passed down to his heirs, but it in no way carried with it rank or title.

2) In the Japanese tradition, the fact that one is related to the Emperor does not imply that one is royalty or possesses rank or title. The concept of a "Royal House" (like Windsor or Tudor) was not known in Japan. Even today, the daughters of the Emperor lose their royal status and title when they marry. There is no network of lesser peerages as there is in Europe.

a) In the 10^th century work, The Tale of Genji, the title character is the Emperor's son by a lowborn concubine (not the Empress). However, Genji has no rank until he begins to earn it by himself. The fact that we call him "Prince Genji" in English is not indicative of his rank or position in the original Japanese.

b) In the same work, Genji's illegitimate son becomes Emperor, but his legitimate son is of the lowest rank possible for a nobleman (sixth rank). This son complains of his lack of prospects because of his low rank, even though his half-brother is Emperor.

c) When a lady was married to the Emperor, she did not automatically receive the rank of Empress. Matter of fact, few did. The rank of Imperial Consort (a lesser title) was also not automatic.

d) If a lady did achieve the title of Empress, her family did not become "The Royal Family". Her siblings and father might be favoured for ranking positions. But it was also not automatic.

i) For example, Fujiwara no Michinaga, the head of the most powerful branch of the Fujiwara clan, was the father of two Empresses and the grandfather of a number of Emperors. However, he was not styled the male equivalent of "Queen Mother" as he would have been in the West. Although undoubtedly the most powerful man in the country and the force behind the throne, his actual title was Minister of the Left, an earned rank that could not be passed on to his heirs. Technically, he was a commoner.

e) Unlike European royalty, the Japanese Imperial family does not have a surname. The Emperor's name is suffixed with the word "tenno" meaning Lord of Heaven.

f) The Japanese ranking system was based on the Chinese ideal of commoners being able to achieve greatness through hard work and dedication. The Japanese model became corrupt, however, and rank and title were never given to true common people but rather an intimate circle of those close to the Emperor. Although the titles were supposed to be "earned", by the 10^th century the process was nothing more than a popularity contest.

3) The name Fujiwara is akin to the above example of "Stewart." There were many branches of the Fujiwara family. And although all people bearing this surname were descended from a common ancestor, many Fujiwara were so distantly related that they were not recognized by their more noble cousins.

a) Murasaki Shikibu, author of The Tale of Genji, was of the Fujiwara clan, but of a small branch far removed from the intrigues of court. She had no rank at all and her father was only a minor counselor. It is true that her position as a lady in waiting to the Empress Soshi was attained because of her family connections, but that position did not increase her rank. Her father's insignificant rank was in fact the reason she could not marry well (she married a man of the same rank as him). Many members of this vast clan were little more than commoners with a "good name".

4) In her work, Name Construction in Medieval Japan, Barbara Nostrand says:

The College of Arms has in the past discouraged the use of historically significant surnames such as Fujiwara. Minamoto, Taira, Hojo, Ashikaga, and Tokugawa. These names were used by many people and probably should be admissible for use in the Society for Creative Anachronism... Only Yamato and Toyotomi should be reserved surnames. The first is a name born by legendary members of the Imperial family and the last name was granted to Toyotomi Hideyoshi by the Emperor at the close of the sixteenth century.

I do not claim to have the breadth of knowledge that Dr. Nostrand possesses. However, everything I have studied about Heian Japanese culture and history leads me to agree with her statement.

It is on these grounds that I request to register the surname Fujiwara no Aoi.

¹ Actually, commoners did have surnames, but they were distinctly different from noble surnames. The kinds of names we chose in the Society are noble-type surnames (myoji). Please see Kitahama, page 26 for a further discussion.

² This is not to imply that the use of the names Minamoto and Taira should be restricted. The sixth generation descendants of the Ernperor were given these surnames upon their descent into commoner status. The conference of these two names meant that they were no longer living on the Imperial pocketbook, although they could return to that life if they rose in rank of their own accord.

³ Sansom, George. A History of Japan to 1334.

⁴ Imperial Princes (sons and brothers of the Emperor), however, were automatically conferred rank because of this close blood tie. However, if a brother or son of the Emperor did not have a mother of equally high rank, he would not be styled a prince though his half-brothers would be. It is true that in the Heian period, many of these princes bore the surname Fujiwara. This is not to say that all Fujiwaras were imperial Princes.

⁵ Kitahama Mikyuki (Barbara Norstrand). Name Construction in Medieval Japan, page 68.

——

[Thus, the submitter argues strongly against restricting Fujiwara as a surname. Note, however, that I am not able to find any precedent restricting Fujiwara. I found precedent for restricting surnames that implied a claim to the shogunate, but only Tokugawa was explicitly mentioned.]

Aoi – "hollyhock". Aoi is the name by which Genji's principal wife is known in The Tale of Genji. In the Heian period, Japanese women's given names were not usually recorded unless the lady in question was an Empress. Ladies were instead known by the name or title of a male relative. Sobriquets such as Aoi and Murasaki (wisteria) are mentioned often. Technically, this would not be the submitter's real name, but not knowing any "real" female names of this period (except for those of Empresses which tend to follow the "flower and tree" naming convention anyway), she feels that this is a reasonable choice.

no – possessive particle, normally spoken but not written. By precedent of Da'ud ibn Auda, part II: This particle [i.e. "no"] is never written out in Chinese [sic] characters, though it is spoken and may be included when the name is written in Roman characters. (Sekimura no Minamoto Akiranaga, 12/95 p. 11)

Name translates as Aoi (hollyhock) of the Fujiwara family.

[Note: I have omitted the persona story provided by the submitter; persona stories are not documentation.]

Submitted Name: Caisín Mac Annaidh

Caisín – ó Corrain and Maguire, Irish Names, under Caisín (no page number given). Occurs as a female name in the 12th century.

Mac Annaidh – MacLysaught, Irish Families, Mac Annaidh (son of Annadh) is listed under MacCANN as a "cognate name", known in Co. Clare and Limerick. No date listed for that form, but Mac Canna is listed in 12th and 13th centuries.

NDP. Submitter wants 9th century Anglo-Norse name.

Gules, an oak leaf between three roundels Or, each charged with a pair of grozing pliars sable.

if "of the Lone Oake" is unacceptable, will prefer "of the Oake" as second choice.

"Geoffert" cited from The Conquerers by Thomas Costain (PCA), which names the physician to King Henry I as "Geoffert".

Argent, on a bend between a menorah and a broadsword azure, a dolphin argent.

The submission was mailed directly to Eastern Crown.

Submitted name intended to mean "Gideon the Khazar" in Hebrew.

Gideon – taken from Old Testament Judges 6-8.

Ha-Khazar – Brook, Kevin Allan, The Jews of Khazaria, 1999, Jason Aronson, Inc. [PCA] p 71 lists Khazarian Beks (kings), who have biblical Hebrew names starting in the 860s (861-960). p 117 documents part of the movement of Jews into Khazaria. de Lange, Nicholas, Atlas of the Jewish World, 1984, Facts on File Publications. [PCA] shows map of region, including Jewish settlement and rule during this period.

[No documentation is provided for form "Ha-Khazar", meaning "of Khazar". Can anyone provide documentation?]

Bendy rayonny [of six] gules and Or, a bear statant to sinister sable.

Ignatia – (f) 'Fiery one' (Latin) also feminine form of Ignatius (NDP).

Ursula – (f) 'Bear' (Latin).

[Fieldless] An estoile gules fimbriated Or.

Name submitted on this LoI.

An estoile may be too complex to fimbriate, not being a "simple geometric charge" (RfS VIII.3). Precedent is to compare <charge> <tincture1> fimbriated <tincture2> vs. <charge> <tincture1> charged with another <tincture2>, to see if they have the same emblazon.

Per pale sable and argent, two cattail reeds conjoined at base, slipped and leaved counterchanged.

[Fieldless] Two cattail reeds conjoined at base, slipped and leaved argent.

Quarterly azure and argent, a chalice between in bend two compass stars counterchanged.

"Carver" from Bardsley, revised edition, p 163 under Carver: 1565. Married – Steven Carver + Jayne Byllam.

"Jonathan" from Withycombe, 3rd edition (under Johnathan), p. 179

Per pale sable and argent, two unicorns rampant combatant counterchanged, in chief a decrescent Or.

The surname was found in the Oxford Dictionary of Surnames. "Jordan" was found in a generic baby name book.

[Jordan can also be found as a man's name in Withycombe, p 180, where it's relation to the River Jordan is called into question. Since the submission is for a woman, can anyone support Jordan as a woman's name in period?]

Vert, a wolf's head couped between 3 estoiles of 6 points argent.

Ketill – Geir Bassi, p. 12

Errickson – submitter's legal surname [PCA].

Gules, three delfs conjoined in pall within an orle argent with a bordure sable.

Name registered (9106 East).

The orle is drawn conjoined to the bordure, essentially as fimbriation, which is not allowed (RfS VIII.3). Please conflict check this device as if it had a plain bordure argent or Or.

Argent, a lion rampant and on a chief sable, three maltese crosses argent.

Konrad – Konrad von W{u:}rzburg, Middle High German epic poet (1230-1287). PCA, but not sure of the source. Collier's?

Von – "From", German.

Ulm – A town in Germany. Collier's Encyclopedia #22, pub 1990, pg 578 - Ulm, est 1154.

Per chevron azure and Or, in bas two hands holding crossed printers' balls azure inked sable.

Leonhard – Bahlow, Unsere Vornamen..., p. 64. Heading unknown. Bahlow, Dictionary of German Names, p 333, "Leonhard(t): a Roman-Germanic combination form: Lat. leo 'lion' + Germanic hard 'bold'; Saint L. is the patron saint of country people (peasants) and horses. There is still a Leonhardi riding procession in Bavaria."

Schuwert – Bahlow, pp 507-508, under Schubert, lists Matis Schuwert, 1451.

The depiction of the printers' balls on a coat of arms comes from Husa, Václav, Traditional Crafts and Skills, 1967, Paul Hamlyn Ltd. p 150-151, owned by one Oldrich Velenský of Mnichov, a yeoman of Northern Bohemia, 16th century. [PCA]

[Fieldless] A bezant Or between and conjoined to in pale two butterflies displayed azure.

Previous badge submission, [Fieldless] On a bezant, a butterfly displayed azure, was returned in-kingdom for conflict with Constance von Messer, Argent, a butterfly azure, marked proper, and Allanda of Warwick, Or, a butterfly within six roses in annulo azure.

[Fieldless] A baton bendwise argent, overall an apple slipped and leaved vert.

Name registered (9112 East).

Argent, on a bend azure 3 mullets of 6 points [palewise] Or.

Magdalena – Mittelhochdeutsches Namenbuch, Hans Bahlow, p 173.

Winter – Sudetendeutsche Familiennamen des 15. Und 16. Jahrhunderts, Ernst Schwartz, p 323. Familiennamen in Ostfalen, vol II L-Z. Rudolf Zoder, p. 846

[PCA]

Lozengy vert and argent, a cock rampant [sic] gules.

Magnus: "Military History" magazine, April 2000, p. 45 cites Magnus Clemens Maximus, a. Roman in Britain in 585 a.d. Hanks and Hodges, p.218, notes that this also became a. common name in Scandinavia during the middle ages and cites King Magnus of Norway (1024-1047 AD).

Lucius: "Military History", April, 2000, p. 46, cites Lucius Artoius Castus as a Roman in Britain. Also borne by three Popes: Lucius II (1144-1145) and Lucius 111(1181-1105).

Castus: ibid. p. 46.

Quarterly vert and argent, four hinds passant at gaze counterchanged.

Mairwen: Gruffudd cites Mairwen as taken from Mair + gwen meaning "blessed" (undated) (p.67)

ferch: daughter of

Morien: Gruffudd (p. 73) cites Morien as a soldier who went to Catraeth. (undated beyond that.)

Counter-ermine, a lion's head gules en-soleil argent, and on a chief embattled argent, two roses sable.

Sable, a pall inverted gules fimbriated between three estoiles argent.

Device was previously held at Eastern Crown pending receipt of a name submission.

Souichirou – meaning "First son". Will accept "Soujirou" (2nd/next son) if necessary.

Munenaga – "Long", used as a family/official name (nanori). Throndardottir, Solveig: Name Construction in Medićval Japan. p. 65. Note that one of the examples given in the second paragraph of this page is the submitter's name (Wake no Souichirou uemon no daibu Munenaga).

Note: By position, "Munenaga" is the kamei or "house name". The nanori typically follows the zokumyou (given name). The name as submitted lacks a house name.

Argent, a fess wavy azure [between] in chief three crosses fluerity Or [and] in base a heron statant [to sinister] proper.

"de Bouillon" – Norris, Herbert, Tudor Costume and Fashion, Dover. p 276. "She married her daughter, Françoise in 1538 to the Duc de Bouillon..." Durant, Will and Ariel, The Age of Louis XIV, Simon and Schuster, 1963. p 687. "Bouillon, Frédéric Maurice, Duke of (1605-1652)", etc. PCA. All citations given are for the Duc de/Duke of or Duchess de Bouillon.

There is one citation, apparently also from The Age of Louis XIV, for the Hôtel de Bouillon, but it is difficult to determine the time period. There is mention of Lesage and his play Turcaret. The reference appears to be mid-18th century.

Can anyone find a citation for a name of the form "de Bouillon" that is not a duke or duchess, within our time period?

Per bend argent and sable, in sinister chief a fleur-de-lys vert.

Name change was accepted at the June 2000 Laurel meeting. Previous registered name was Rosalind de Witte.

Submitted Name: Sandmörk

Per fess engrailed argent and gules, a longship with sails furled sable and a tower surmounted by a flame proper within a laurel wreath Or.

References:
– E. V. Gordon, An Introduction to Old Norse, 2nd ed, 1957
– K. G. Chapman, Graded Readings and Exercises in Old Icelandic
– GeirriBassi Haraldsson, The Old Norse Name, Studia MarkLadica I, 1977
– Finnur Jonsson, ed., Lexicon Poeticum ... NYPL-NIE, RCLC / OCLC 4418869
– Alexander Johannesson, Islandisches Etymologisches Worterbuch, NYPL #RR-RMZ
– Cleasby / Vigfusson, An Icelandic–English Dictionary, 2^nd ed, NYTL - #RR-RMZ

11th century Norse – Sandmörk, meaning "Sandy Forest", from Sandr : masc, "sand" and mörk: fem, "forest".

The tower is proper, which is argent masoned sable.

Evidence of support for the branch name is provided by copies of individual ballots for the branch populace, and by signed petition of the officers. The signed ballots list the name supported, and are therefore valid for the name only. The petition of the officers does not list the branch name supported, and is therefore invalid. Support by the populace is sufficient, so this is not a problem.

Evidence of support for the branch device is provided by copies of individual ballots for the branch populace, and by the same signed petition of the officers as noted above. The signed ballots do not list the blazon of the device, and are therefore invalid. The petition of the officers does not list the blazon of the device supported, and is therefore also invalid. I will contact the submitting herald for a corrected petition from the officers listing the blazon of the branch device, which is sufficient for support of the device.

Purpure, a pile inverted between two thistles Or.

Her previous device submission, Purpure, a thistle Or, was returned by Laurel (Oct 1999) for conflict with the Order of the Sable Thistle of Ansteorra, A blue thistle sable, slipped and leaved Or. There was one CD for the field, but none for the blue flower; the bulk of the flower was Or for both devices.

Submitted Name: Isabetta Seraphina Di Petrillo

Quarterly argent and azure, four lozenges counterchanged.

Isabetta – from Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto, by Arval Benicoeur (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/) and Italian Renaissance Women's Names, by Rhian Lyth of Blackmoor Vale (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/rhian/italian.html).

Seraphina – Blessed Seraphina Sforza (1434-1478). On-line Catholic Encyclopedia (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13726b.htm).

Petrillo – submitter's maiden name (proof attached).

[When a "device" is submitted for an alternate persona, it should be submitted as a badge (only one device is allowed to be registered for a submitter). I will contact the submitter and arrange for a badge form to be used for this submission.]

Per bend gules and argent, a bend enhanced per bend Or and sable.

Sean – Irish form of Old French "Jehan". Academy of St. Gabriel Report 310 (PCA).

O'Nial. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. "O Neighill".

Bendy [of 8] argent and gules, a bordure azure.

Cited as a 12th century equivalent of Stephen FitzRichard. Academy of St. Gabriel report for Client 1940, dated 12 Feb 2000 (PCA).

Per chevron potent and gules.

Citations are from Kázmér Miklós, Régi Magyar Családnevek Szótára; XIV-XVII. Század, Budapest, 1993. PCA.

Istvan – R. Francisci Istvan, 1549, under István, p 500.

Tanczos – Christophorus Tanczos, 1563, under Táncos, p 1043.

Azure, on a flame issuant from base between two goblets Or, a viol sable.

Theodosia – Withycombe, p 278, under Theodosia. Feminine form of Greek Theodosius, 'divinely given'. Withycombe lists the name as first found in use in England in the 17th c. Submitter also comments that 'The name ... has been registered before and is in the O & A'. [I will note two things: presence of a name in the O & A is not documentation, and the most recent registration of Theodosia is 9008 (via Meridies). Can anyone provide documentation of the name Theodosia in use before the 17th c.?]

"the Fiery" – intended to be a descriptive epithet.

[Submission is on the old forms – it will be converted to new forms if approved for forwarding to the CoA]

Vert, a decrescent between 3 lozenges all Or.

Submitter wishes a German/Alsatian name meaning "Wolfgang the Seeker".

Academy of St. Gabriel report 1232 lists Wolfgang as having three instances found in Silesia (2 in 1491, 1 in 1597), and as one of the more common names in Plauen in the early 16th century. Earlier forms of the name were found in Switzerland in the 9th and 11th centuries (Morlet vol 1).

The Academy found Sucher as a German surname meaning "seeker" in 1287. It was an occupational term for a huntsman's assistant (a tracker). There is no information on whether "der Sucher" or simply "Sucher" is more appropriate.

Per pale argent and gules, a Maltese cross counterchanged, on a chief azure a falcon displayed Or.

[I find it difficult to summarize this one, so I will let the submitter speak for herself. Note: No photocopies of source documents provided.]

Xiberras

also spelt Xeberras, Sciberras, Sceberras

Sciberras is my mother's maiden name. The earliest record of the name belongs to the family that ruled the part of Malta called "Sceberras Hill" on which our capital city, Valletta, was built.

The Maltese language was not formalized in a written form until early in the 20th century. A major scholar in this endeavor was Ninu Cremona, who in 1924 published the standardization of Maltese orthography as Taghrif fug il-Kitba Maltija. At that time, the sound of "sh" was deemed to be written by the Maltese 'X'. Hence I would like one of my family names to be "Xiberras", as my persona's parents' names will have the same family names as my mundane self.

Galea

The family name "Galea" means "rounded helmet" in Latin and so was a family name of the nights [sic] of Malta. It is also my mundane family name.

Rozina and Xandra

I have two reliable sources for these names: Il-Fidwa Tal-Bdiewa and a dictionary by Joseph Aquilina.

Il-Fidwa Tal-Bdiewa (The Farmers' Ransom)

This play by Ninu Cremona details the early 15th century in Malta. At this time Malta was a fief, essentially hired out by the King of Aragon to Lords who would rule the islands for a fee (and protection if required) paid to the King. In 1425 Malta passed into the hands of Don Gonsalvo Monroy, who ill-treated the Maltese. The Maltese rose in rebellion, although peace was later restored by the King. Malta was then annexed to Sicily and part of the pledge (10,000 florins) was paid by common contributions by the Maltese people themselves.

Ninu Cremona's Il-Fidwa Tal-Bdiewa is considered his masterpiece, and is also the first dramatic work of its kind in our language. He was also a historian, with good credit to use the names Xandra and Rozina in his work, as a wife and daughter of two of the rebels, respectively.

Joseph Aquilina's dictionary

The Maltese-English Dictionary by Joseph Aquilina published by Midsea Books Ltd. has been awaited for decades. It is the final word on the Maltese Language, and is expansive to say the least. In Volume 2, Appendix 14 pages 1665-1673 Mr. Aquilina compiles a list of Maltese names. Xandra appears on page 1672 and Rozina on page 1671.

References: besides the books mentioned above, I also have available a copy of the Maltese "Biographies of the Twentieth Century" (1997 ed) by Michael Schiavone and Louis Scerri and various books which mention the Sceberras hill (or Scibeffas, as the spelling varies)