. Lewis Tanzos
Eastern.crown@eastkingdom.org

9 April 2003

Unto the East Kingdom College of Heralds and all others who do receive this letter, greetings from Tanczos Istvan, Eastern Crown Herald!

This LoR is for the Eastern ILoI dated 07 December 2002, which is all submissions received before 28 November 2002. It also contains some eratta from previous letters.

Commentary was received from: Brandub; Knute; Steffan ap Kennydd; Aryanhwy merch Catmael; Alejandra de Miera; Joshua ben Hiam haLevi; Cahan Kyle; Aine Callaghan, Kari Stormeye, and Salia D'Angleterre; Elsbeth Anne Roth; Yosef & Aceline; Ariel de Narbonne; and Meradudd Cethin. Immense thanks to all of these people!

Istvan Eastern Crown

ERATTA FROM PREVIOUS DECISIONS

From the Eastern ILoR dated 20 February 2003, which contains decisions from the 01 November 2002 ILoI.

14 Laurencia MacLeod - new device accepted

The LoR mentioned the device of Angus Kerr, and told the submitter to get a letter of permission to conflict. A letter of permission to conflict from Angus was included with the submission.

49 Una Logan - new device accepted

Per fess argent and azure, a fess vert and in chief three hearts gules.

The original LoR said this would be color-on-color. It is not, it is a colored charge on a neutral field with no shared tinctures and is therefore acceptable.

NEW DECISIONS

1 Ailís inghean Muirgen of Derrybawn - new name change accepted & new device accepted
Current Name: Morgan Arianblaidd

Vert, on a mirror argent, silvered vert, an oak leaf argent.

Ailís from Ó Corrain & Maguaire p 21. Murigen from Ó Corrain & Maguaire p 141. Derrybawn undated in James O'Connell's Irish Place Names (The Meaning of). Inghean, of course, is 'daughter'.

No dates were provided on the submission form, which are required. Ailis is in OCM under Alis, Ailis. It says "By the twelfth century it had become very common in England and France and was brought into Ireland by the Normans." Muirgen is the header. It says "This early name is borne by St. Muirgen, abbot of Killeshin." Larurel can decide if double given names are acceptable here, or if the second byname should be changed to 'Muirghein', which is the later-period spelling.

We have been unable to find an actual dated spelling of Derrybawn - which is a mountain in Ireland - but we're leaving it in in the hopes that somebody at Laurel can document it. The submitter should be aware that locative bynames of this type are vanishingly rare in Gaelic culture.

2 Alana of Ramskeep (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Or, six quatrefoils in annulo stems to center and a chief vert.

Alana is the feminine form of Alan (http://scottishculture.miningco.com/culture/scottishculture/library/blnames_a.htm - the page appears to have disappeared or moved) Also from Gwynek's "Late Sixteenth Century English Given Names " (http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/talan/eng16/eng16alpha.html) There is no documentation for the surname. [ Gwynek's article is also at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng16/eng16.html, which does not require photocopies ]

It is a fallacy that one can form the feminine simply by adding an 'a' to the end of an English name, so the provided documentation is not acceptable. Fortunately, commenters provided the following:

The last time Æthelmearc registered the name Alana, the following appeared on the external LoI:

Alana - Tangwystyl found "Alana filia eius" on pg. 112 of Poll Taxes of 1377,1379 & 1381 Part I: Bedfordshire-Leicestershire by Fenwick, Carolyn C. (under Derryshire: 1381 High Peak Wapentake)

We are allowing Ramskeep as a constructed surname based on the following precedent:

[crest and keep] The element crest falls into the same category as keep. In both cases, we do not have evidence of that element used in a formal place name in period, though we have evidence of each as a geographical element.

Bardsley (p. 216 s.n. Crest) dates both Rogerus del Crest and Johannes del Crest to 1379. Bardsley (p. 441 s.n. Keep) dates William atte Kep to 18 Edw. I, Roger Kep to I Edw. III, and Richard atte Kippe to I Edw. III. Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 s.n. Keep) dates Thomas ate Kepe to 1327 and Roger de Kepe to 1332. Keep has long been used as part of SCA branch names.

The most recent registration is Crossrode Keep, Shire of (registered November 1999 via Ansteorra). This element is effectively regarded as SCA compatible as an element in an English place name. Given the forms in which it has been registered, spellings of the element Keep are registerable both as a separate element (such as Crossrode Keep), and as the final element in a compound place name (such as Northkeep). Registerable spellings include Keep and any alternate spellings which may be documented to period (including those listed above).

Similarly, there has been enough interest in the element crest, including as recently as 1999, to rule it SCA compatible in an English place name. Unlike keep, crest is not registerable as a separate element. So, Ravencrest is a registerable placename, though Ravenwood Crest, for example, is not. [Tristan Ravencrest, 11/01, Æthelmearc]

Ekwall, pg. 362, lists the following Rams- names:

Ramsbottom (Romesbothum in 1324)
Ramsbury (Remnesbery in 1281)
Ramsdale (Ramesdela in 1170)
Ramsey (Rammeseye in 1224)
Ramsgate (Ramisgate noted as 'n.d. St.Aug')
Ramsgill (Ramesgile in 1198)
Ramshorn (Romesor in 1309)

So Ramskeep is an acceptable SCA byname. Incidentally, the element Rams- refers to wild garlic, not any sort of sheep.

Some commenters mentioned Ramskeep as an SCA group, a Burrough of the Barony of the Bridge, and that registered SCA groups are allowed to be registered as a locative byname by anyone with no pentalty. While Bridge may divide itself into 'Burroughs' for its own purposes, the name is not registered as an SCA group name, and thus is not usable for purposes of the allowance.

3 Anne Botman (F) - new name accepted

Anne from Withycombe, p 25, cites an Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II There is no documentation for the surname, though we can pull the docs from her son's submission. (Anders Botman): 'Botman' is found in (Bahlow p. 58 under 'Bothmann' lists 'Friedr. Botman' in 1296). Her device was returned on the September Eastern ILoI.

Anne seems to be interested in a German name, so here's some German documentation for the name: 'Ann' is found twice and 'Anna' 17 times in "German Given Names from 1495" (http://www.sit.wisc.edu/~sfriedemann/names/german1495.htm). 'Anne' is specifically is dated to 1372 and 1383 in Gwynek's "Medieval German Given Names from Silesia" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm)

4 Artus Bayn - appeal device supported

Per bend sinister azure and argent, a bear statant contourny and a dolman counterchanged.

Device was originally returned for conflict with Arthur FitzRobert of Wiverneweald: (Nov 98, Caid) 'Per bend azure and argent, a bear statant and a mullet of six points counterchanged' by Blue Tyger. It is contended that there is a CD for the change of primary, a CD for the change of field from per bend to per bend sinister, and a CD for the change of the facing of the bear from dexter to sinister facing. This appears here for administrative reasons only, appeals of Kingdom decisions go directly to Laurel.

The EK CoH will be supporting this appeal.

5 Ásmundr vápni (M) - new name accepted

Asmundr from Aryanhwy merch Catmael's 'Given names found in the Landnámabók' ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/landnamabok.htm) váþni is found in Aryanhwy's 'Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók' ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/vikbynames.htm)

Submitted as Asmundr váþni. The citation for the personal name is actually for Ásmundr, so we have made the correction, since the CoA requires that accents match. Talking to the author of the article, the surname came from Geirr Bassi and there was a typo in the article. The name is actually vápni.

6 Ahtor Lys MacDavit (M) - new name returned & new device pended

Or, on a cross sable five roundels Or.

Ahtor 'an old spelling of Arthur'. Lys 'an old spelling of Ellis'. 'MacDavit' 'my grandmother's name and clan.'. No actual documentation provided, please help.

By all rights, I should be returning this one for adminstrative reasons without even trying to rescue it. No documentation whatsoever was provided, and burden of proof is on the sumbmitter. Mere assertion does not constitute documentation.

Commenters have tried to document this name and the results are not good. No commenter was able to find anything remotely like Ahtor. None was able to find any form of 'Ellis' without the initial vowel. 12th Century Scottish names also did not have a double given name or an unmarked patronymic, so we would have to drop either it or Ahtor to make the name authentic.

I can do no better in summation but to quote Clarion:

The submitter should be pointed to the article "A Simple Guide to Constructing 12th Century Scottish Gaelic Names." (It appears at the Laurel education page as http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/simplescotgaelicnames12.htm ) This will tell him that while he can have some form of MacDavit (I haven't found that spelling, but I did find MacDavid in Black, dated to the 16th century), it will not imply clan membership (there is no authentic way in 12th century Scotland to indicate clan membership in a name). I am not certain that any form of Arthur is authentic for 12th century Scotland (although Black has it listed for the 15th century), but if he wants a Gaelic name, my best guess is Artúr mac Dauid. Ó Corráin and Maguire, s.n .Artúr, dates it as a very early name (9th and 11th citations), but one that was not popular in Ireland. The Simple Guide includes Dauíd, but notes that it was only used for the King of Scotland, so it may not have been used by Scottish Gaels.

Since the submitter allowed no major changes, we are unable to drop either problematic element. We also do not feel that the amount of spelling changes required to pass it would be 'minor.'.

7 Buckland Cross, Shire of - new badge accepted

Argent, a stag's massacre within a bordure embattled sable.

8 Cailean mac Eachduinn (M) - new name change accepted
Current Name: Colin MacKenzie

Cailean is from Black, p 161 s.n. Colin. Cites Cailin (1467 ms), Colinus (1292). Also in Withycombe, s.n. Colin - 'the Scottish Colin represents the Gaelic Cailean, derived from coilean, a young dog, a youth.'. Eachan from Black, p 235, header form. Various spellings dated to 1467 and 1092. [ Please note that the last time, the college registered the client's mundane name]

Gaelic did not use unmarked patronymics. We have therefore added the patronymic marker and changed the surname to the genitive of the form dated in Black to 1467.

9 Carolingia, Barony of - new joint badge returned

Argent, in saltire two hurley sticks gules and azure, in chief a hurt charged with a pall wavy Or.

To be jointly owned by Ulric of York (name submitted 7/12/02, was on the August 2002 Eastern Internal LoI, was accepted)

There are two problems with this armory.

First, section II.B.3 of the Administrative Handbook allows for registration of items to individuals, jointly to two individuals, or to groups. There is no provision for registration to a group and an individual, so this must be returned for administrative reasons.

Secondly, this would be the defining instance of a hurley stick in society armory. The Administrative Handbook, section IV.C.2, requires " Documenting evidence ... for all name elements and any non-standard armorial elements or practices. Such documentation must include references to specific pages and/or entries in the source material." This is certainly a non-standard element. Part VII of the Rules for Submission define what are considered acceptable compatible charges.

There was no documentation provided, so this must be returned for lack of documentation

10 Darius Aurelius Serpentius - new badge accepted

(Fieldless) A snake coiled as if to strike per fess gules and sable.

Name currently Johann Kronenwache, name change was on the East's August 2002 Internal LoI

11 Ding Li Ying (F) - new name accepted

Ding, the surname, is taken from 'A Chinese-English Dictionary (revised edition). ISBN 7-5600-1325-2. I can not read the rest of the title page except for 'http://www.fltrp.com.cn'. On p 278 it shows the character 'ding', which translates as 'man.' but is also listed '(Ding) a surname'. The same reference, page 1502, shows 'ying' '1: literal: flower, petal. 2: hero, outstanding person. 3: (Ying) a surname.' Also, 'Chinese Characters' by Dr. L. Wieger, S.J., p151 shows 'Ting: a nail'. p 329 shows "Li: antelopes. it is now used chia-chieh instead of the primitive, to mean, elegant, graceful, bright." On p 617 it shows "Antelopes; elegant, graceful." On p 648 it shows "Ting: a cyclical character, an adult, to mourn." Ottar Eriksson's article "Chinese Surnames" in KWHS proceedings, 1990, allegedly justifies the surname. Also attached is St. Gabriel Report #2342. ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/2342 ), which is lengthy because it gives a general overview of Han naming practices. Pertinent excerpts, taken from many different and varied books.An authentic Han name begins with a family name. A Han of any social status had both a 'ming' and a 'tzu'. A ming is a formal or official name, the first of which was typically given by her parents in infancy or early childhood. A tzu is a style, informal, or familiar name by which she was typically known outside the home. Ming and tzu consisted of one or two syllables. Many Han also had one or more 'hao'. A hao is a fancy name, literary name, or short title used as a name. In addition, Han apparently did not chain together given names. Instead, each given name was used singly, with the family name and, possibly, with a title such as "lady." For example, an eighth century woman was and is mostly known as 'Yang Kuei Fei', but she was also called 'Yang Yu: Huau' and could have been called 'Yang Fu Je^n' or 'Yang Yu: Huau Fu Je^n'. (The colon indicates an umlaut, or two dots, over the preceding character and the ^ indicates a hachek over the preceding character.) 'Yang' is the family name this woman inherited from her father. 'Kuei Fei' is a hao, meaning "precious imperial consort," that was a title used as a name. 'Yu: Huau' was the woman's ming or tzu, meaning "white jade ring or bracelet." 'Fu Je^n' is a title and form of address meaning "lady." Some sample names are then given, taken from a period literary work: Miall, Bernard, translator. Chin P'ing Mei, The Adventurous History of Hsi Min and His Six Wives. Perigree Books: New York (1982). Authorship attributed to Hsiao Hsiao-sheng. Story was apparently first mentioned in Yu:en Hung-tao's list, composed 1595-1600, and its first known printing was a little after 1609. Although the tale is set in 12th C, scholars indicate it accurately reflects Ming dynasty (16th C China) domestic life. 'Li Hua' [Li Hua] (6th C) meaning "elegant/graceful flower." Pronounced \lee hwah\ 'Li' translates as "antelopes; elegant; graceful; beautiful." 'Yu:n Ying' [Yun Ying] (9th C), apparently meaning "flowery cloud." Pronounced \yu:n yeeng\ where \u:\ is pronounced as the \ue\ in Dueseldorf 'Yu:n' translates as "clouds." 'Ying' translates as "flower, brave, superior."

12 Diomedes Sebastianus (M) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Per chevron throughout vert and sable, two crescents in pale argent.

Both names from 'Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire during the Sixth and Seventh centuries.' ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_masc_names.html).

We're pretty sure that two given names are not a usual pattern for Byzantine/Roman names, but we're going to let the CoA work on this one

13 Erika of Öland (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Quarterly azure and argent, four octopi counterchanged.

Erika is submitter's given name. Öland is claimed to be an island in the Baltic off the southeast tip of Sweden. No documentation is provided that this place existed under this name or a variant in period.

Erika is mentioned in St. Gabriel's article 2284 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2284) as the modernization of the Carelian Finnish name Eericka from sometime in the 1541-1570 time period. (Documentation was taken from Pietari Uv, unpublished research from the documentary names collection in the onomastic archive of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland, document volumes 4994-5348.) For the byname, http://fotw.unislabs.com/flags/se-oland.html says that Oland was granted arms in 1560 as a Swedish province, and http://www.sverigeturism.se/smorgasbord/smorgasbord/provincial/oland/history/ says that Oland has been around since even before Viking times. We can not find a dated form of the byname, but since the place has been inhabited since period, we'll pass it to Laurel in the hopes that somebody can do so.

The depicted creatures are octopi, not krakken, so we have changed the blazon accordingly.

14 Esperanza Razzolini d'Asolo - new household name accepted
Submitted Name: La Casa della Croce a Fiori

Documentation for the translation is from 'The Concise Cambridge Italian Dictionary' 'casa' p 451, 'house'. 'la' and 'della' p 666', 'the' and 'of the'. 'Croce' p 369, 'cross'. 'a Fiori' p 416, 'flower', 'a fiori' is listed as the adjective form.

15 Étaín ingen uí Chommáin - (F) new name accepted

Étaín from Ó Corrain & Maguaire p 90. ingen Ui Commán from Ó Corrain & Maguaire, p 56.

Étaín is listed in OCM as the early form of a feminine given name and 'occurs among the O Connors, O Haras and O Flannagans in the later middle ages.' Commán lists this as the early form of a male given name and notes that the name 'was relatively popular in the early period especially in the south of Ireland.' We have given it the proper patronymic marker and lenited it.

16 Geoffrey the Younger (M) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Quarterly erminois and vert, an annulet quarterly sable and argent.

Geoffrey from Withycombe, p 128, 'common in England from the 12th to 15th Century'. Younger from R&W, p 508, dates an Edmund Yonger in 1379 and 'le Yunge' and 'le Yongeman'. Also, p152 has 'Ricardus ye Elder' in 1379.

The submitted spelling of the surname can be documented to 1572 at the earliest in the Medieval Names Archive at http://www.yucs.org/~jules/names/parish/surnames_wy.html

17 Gianotta Dallafiora (F) - new name accepted

Gianotta from Arval's 'Feminine Given Names from the Online Catasto of Florence of 1427' ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/). Client specifically does not want Gianetta. Dallafiora is from 'Family Names Appearing in the Catasto of 1427' ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/ferrante/catasto/family_names.html). Both articles are summaries of the Online Catasto of Florence, which is at http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/overview.html.

18 Gnaeus Nixus Honoerius Brittanicus (M) - new name returned

No actual documentation is submitted. The client mentions the source 'Nova Roma', but provides no copies. Nixus is claimed to be a Romanized Bretonix transformation of Nikolas, where the latin means 'strive / effort' ("from the Notre Dame latin archives") Submitter claims that Romanization of Celtic names commonly added -ius or -us to the end of male names, or associated them to Latin words where they pronunciations were similar. Submitter has also added an 'agnomen' to signal the name is Romanized by giving it a regional tag. Submitter mentions Harry Thurston Peck's Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898) as providing an exhaustive list of consuls and citizens, and mentions the bit about agnomen being added to auxiliary names to denote foreign origins comes from here, but includes no photocopies.

"Nova Roma" is a website. It has information on naming at http://www.novaroma.org/via_romana/names.html, but the site is an attempt at modern-day revival of Roman values, culture, and religion. None of the names given on their site are documented in any way, so the entire site is effectively useless for our purposes.

Submitted as Gnaeus Nixus Honoerius Brittanicus, let's see what we can find as acceptable documentation.

We find http://home.attbi.com/~rthamper/html/romannaming.htm, which is Roman Naming Conventions During the Late Roman Republic. Here, we find the three-name pattern Praenomen Nomen Cognomen.It lists Gnaeus as one of the most common Praenomen.

Honorius can be found in Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Century ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/early_byz_names.html )

The major problem right now is that we can't find acceptable documentation for Nixus as a nomen. As far as we can tell, the Romanized version of the name 'Nikolas' is 'Nikolaos'. It can be found, dated to 917, in Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era by Bardas Xiphias at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/masc_given_names.html .

As we are unsure what to do with this name, we are returning it so the submitter can work on the 'Nixus' part.

19 Guenuureth filia Thomas - new device accepted

Or, a domestic cat sejant and on a chevron azure, three roses Or.

Name was on the September 2002 Eastern Internal LoI, was accepted at Kingdom, and has not yet been issued to Laurel.

20 Guillaine Rosalind de Gualle - resub device returned

Argent, a horse rampant sable, on a dexter tierce gules a sun Or, with eight points, four greater and four lesser.

Previous device Argent, a horse rampant sable and a tierce gules. returned from Laurel on the June 2000 LoAR for conflict with Aleta Ara of Helsgard, the Cruel, Argent, a horse salient sable upon a base embattled gules. with only a single CD for changing the type of the peripheral charges.

There is a ban on charging tierces in society armory, as per this precedent from the first tenure of Da'ud Ibn Auda: On and after June 1, 1991, the College will no longer register charged sides or tierces." (Cover Letter 3/8/91 p.1). This must therefore be returned.

Secondly, Brigantia policy requires that all submissions use the version of the forms from 1998. The submission is on an older version of the forms, which would be a reason for return. An updated version of the device form has been included with this return.

21 Hedinn inn Rauði - resub device returned

Per fess argent and sable, a demi-mullet issuant from the line of division sable, overall a bordure counterchanged.

Previous device, Per fess argent and sable, a demi-mullet issuant from the line of division sable. was returned from Kingdom on the September 2002 LoR for conflict with Gwydion of Blackmoore (August 1993 via the Middle): (Fieldless) A demi-sun sable. with a single CD for fieldlessness. It was also returned for unreconstructability from blazon and identifiability problems (one can not tell where the field division ends and the mullet begins) This submission has addressed the conflict by adding the bordure. Yes, it's thin. The submitter will be instructed to draw it big, bold, and butch.

The submitter's previous device (same as this one, without the bordure) was returned for two reasons. First, for conflict. The new submission has addressed the conflict by adding a bordure. The submitter should note that this bordure is unacceptably thin by society standards - it should be much wider, and the submission would probably have been returned for a redraw for this reason.

The second reason for return of the original submission was unreconstructability from blazon and lack of identifiability, which the submitter has not addressed. It is immensely difficult to tell what the charge is that's issuant from the line of division for two reasons. First, since the charge is the exact same color as the half of the field it's issuing from, there's no visible line of demarcation. Secondly, as drawn, there really isn't a distinction between the field and the charge. The demi-mullet and per fess actually appear to be a 'per demi-mullet' line of division, which did not exist in period armory. Without actual documentation of the practice of charges issuant from a per fess line of division which are tinctured the same as the bottom half of the field, or of a line of division which matches the pair, we are entirely unwilling to accept this motif. The submitter must either document this practice in an appeal, or start over and come up with something identifiable.

22 Hedinn inn Rauði - new badge accepted

(Fieldless) a mullet of five points per fess argent and sable.

23 Isabel of Rosley - new badge returned

(Fieldless) An old english letter 'R' argent, charged in base with a rose proper.

Badge to be jointly owned with Alan of Rosley. Both owner's names appeared and were accepted on the 2002-03 Eastern Internal ILoI.

The rose is not on the primary, it is what's called 'barely overall'. This means that it extends slightly onto the field instead of being entirely on the primary or truly drawn as an overall charge. This has long been grounds for return, recently reaffirmed on the December 2000 in the return of the submission of Kisaiya Zingara: "As drawn, the rose is barely overall. This kind of overall charge has been disallowed for some time."

24 Katherine Barr of Cumberland (F) - appeal name suppored by the Eastern CoA & new device accepted

Gules, a chevron erminois between three stag's heads cabossed.

Original submission was returned for conflict with the mundane Catherine Parr, who was allegedly born in Cumberland (according to the return). She was actually born in Westmoreland, a different sub-unit of Yorkshire, which was merged into one unit with Cumberland in 1974. Documentation of such is provided, but the original documentation for the name was not included.

We have no idea when the original submission was returned, nor where from.

Some docs for the name: Katherine - header spelling found in Withycombe (p186-187) listed as a saint as well as 15th C through end of period. Barr - header spelling name found in Reaney (p 29) with dates from 1086 through 1340 Cumberland - header spelling name found in Ekwall (p 130) with dates from 945 through 1145.

25 Klaus the Red - new badge accepted

Per pale sable and Or, semy of crescents counterchanged.

To be jointly owned with Thaddeus von Orlamüde, whose name is on this LoI. Klaus' name registered September 2002, via the West.

26 Klaus the Red - new household name accepted & new badge returned
Submitted Name: Der Gesellschaft mit dem Mondsichel

(Fieldless) A helm sable, torsed Or and sable, mantled and crested of a crescent Or.

Both items to be jointly owned with Thaddeus von Orlamüde

Webster's 'New World German Dictionary' gives Gesellschaft as 'Society' or 'Company'. (p185) and Crescent is translated as 'Halbmond' ('Half-moon') or 'Mondsichel' ('moon-sickle') (p97). Barber & Barker 'Tournaments' shows a Gesellschaft mit dem Esel (society of the Donkey) in 1387-1485 as well as other tournament societys/companies named 'Society of the [Animal]'. Maruice Keen's Chivalry, p 179-180 mentions René of Anjou's Order of the Croissant (Crescent) from 1448 and in Germany, the Company of the Sickle in 1391.

Since the college does not protect items in translation, this order name is just fine.

Unfortunately, the submitted armory is considered a crest:

(July 1996, Julianna of Dunbar, p. 21) [returning A rose issuant from a comital coronet] The only mundane use of this arrangment would be as a crest. Numerous mundane examples of a crest issuing from a coronet sans torse are found in von Volborth's The Art of Heraldry... On the LoAR of 3/93 p. 26 Laurel ruled "The College does not register crests...This submission is a crest by virtue of its being set atop a torse." This case is similar and therefore is returned. (Julianna of Dunbar, 7/96 p. 21)

This case is similar, and therefore it is returned.

27 Livia Petralia (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Or, a spider vert between three triangles inverted sable.

Livia from de Felice's 'nomi' s.n. Lìvio shows 'F Lìvia (44000)'. Petralia from de Felice's 'cognomi', header form

Accents in de Felice's work are apparently pronunciation guides only, so we have removed it.

28 Lorita de Siena - new name accepted & new device accepted

Per chevron inverted purpure and Or, an inverted chevron sable between two roses counterchanged.

Lorita from Arval's "Feminine Given Names from Thirteenth Century Perugia" http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/perugia/perugiaFemAlpha.html. DeSiena is claimed to be a regional surname .

Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/center.html) lists Siena. The article 'de' should be reasonable - the problem would be with 'di'. More information on the article can be found in Masculine Names from Thirteenth Century Pisa (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/pisa/)

29 Machin Vassili Miroslavich - new name accepted & new device accepted

Vert, a lion and a bordure argent semy of pretzels sable.

All docs from Wickenden. Machin (m) p 197 dated to 1281 as 'Mazcinek'. Vassili (m) from 12th century p 387. Miroslavich 13th century on p 215. Patronymic formed as per page xxi.

30 Marcus Blackaert (F) - new device returned

Per chevron gules and argent, two swords inverted argent and a heart sable.

His device was inadvertendly left off the LoI where his name appeared (2001-06, which is slated for decision at Laurel in January 2003.).

Conflict with Otto von Koblenz - December of 1991 (via Calontir): Per chevron throughout gules and argent, two daggers inverted and a lion rampant counterchanged. There is only one CD for the multiple changes to the bottom charge. Why only one? Precedent says:

After much thought and discussion, it has been decided, for purposes of X.4.d, e and h of the Rules for Submission, that the bottommost of three charges, either on the field alone or around an ordinary, is defined as one-half of the group...multiple changes to the basemost of three charges under this definition will be granted a maximum of one CVD. (CL 9/6/90 p.2).

31 Marianna Gentilcore (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Azure, a slip of grape vine with two leaves bendwise sinister argent and on a chief argent a quill pen fesswise azure.

Marianna from Benicoeur's 'Feminine Given names from the Online Catasto of Florence, 1427'. ( href="http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/) Gentilcore from Fucilla p 63.

The citation in Fucilla is undated. However, at http://web.infinito.it/utenti/e/enigmagalgano/santi_XII_secolo/santiC.html, we find a list of Italian Saints from the 12th Century, which includes "San Costabile Gentilcore (1064 - 17 febbraio 1124)". According to http://www.perlabianca.it/inglese/cilentoing.html, Saint Costabile was an abbot, who was the driving force behind the fortress and medieval village of Castellabate, built on top of the S. Angelo hill. The fortress was constructed in the 12th Century.

The device is not in conflict with that of Geoffrey Geatherstonehaugh (Juny 1988, East). Geoffrey's device is "Azure, a griffin statant and on a chief argent, a feather fesswise azure." This is clear because the type of the primary charge in each device is entirely different. Both devices are simple as per rule X.2. and so they are clear of each other.

32 Marietta Aurelia da Bari (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Argent, three goutes and a chief vert.

Marietta 'a common Italian diminutive for Mary'. Aurelia ' a name dating from Roman times to the present feminine form of Aurelius cite Emperor Marcus Aurelius.' Di Bari - of 'Bari', a city on the Adriatic coast of Italy established in Roman times and existing up to present mundane times. Site of the relics of St. Nicholas.

Submitted as "Marietta Aurelia Di Bari", since there was no actual documentation submitted, here's what commenters came up with: Marietta is listed in the online Castato of Florence 1427. ( http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/newsearch/first_names.html ) Aurelia is found in Morlet's Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de l'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siecle as a French name which appeared up to about 900 C.E. Withycombe also references an 11th century saint by the name of Aurelia. Lastly, in the book Le Gratie d'Amore, by Cesare Negri, 1602, among the lists of noble dancers are:

The online Britannica ( http://www.britannica.com/ ) has this to say about Bari:

ancient (Latin) Barium city, capital of Bari provincia and of Puglia (Apulia) regione, southeastern Italy. It is a port on the Adriatic Sea, northwest of Brindisi. The site may have been inhabited since 1500 BC. Greek influence was strong, and under the Romans, who called it Barium, it became an important port, the harbour being mentioned as early as 180 BC. Fishing was also significant in Roman times.

Taken together, and since there was definitely contact between France and Italy in period (reference the Siege of Bari, also from the online Britannica, where the Normans blockaded the city of Bari from 1068-1071, which resulted in the surrender of the last Byzantine stronghold in southern Italy), this name is acceptable. 'Di', however, is only used in patronymics, so we have changed to the Italian 'da'.

Documentation for double given names is also in Negri's work. Some examples:

33 Marietta da Firenze - new name accepted

Marietta from Feminine given names from the online Catasto of Florence [PCA, missing URL, it is in the list of names which occur fewer than 5 times. ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/catasto/)] Firenze from Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554. [PCA, no URL, Florenza is modern Florence.] Also attached is Academy of St. Gabriel report #2550, with no headers. (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2550) It mentions that a woman from Florence would have been known as 'da Firenze' or, more often, 'la Fiorentina'. Taken from de Felice's cognomi and Herlihy, Litchfield & Molho's 'Florentine and Renaissance Resources, Online Tratte of Officeholders 1282-1532' ( http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte ).

Submitted as 'di' Firenze, 'di' is only used for patronymics. Mercator's Place Names of Italy by Maridonna Benvenuti appears at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/. The form 'da Firenze' is also documented in Fourteenth Century Venetian Personal Names by Arval Benicoeur and Talan Gwynek ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/arval/venice14/venice14sur.html#table).

34 Mariot de Berwic (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Or, a tower and in chief three thistles azure.

Academy of St. Gabriel report 2135 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2135) shows Mariot from Gwynek's 'List of Feminine Personal Names found in Scottish Records ( http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/talan/scottishfem/ ) and Gwynek's "Feminine Given names in 'A Dictionary of English Surnames" ( http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/talan/reaney ) dated to 1185 through 1296. Berwick from Ekwall, Reaney & Wilson, and Black. Dated in various spellings from 1167 through 1333, the submitted spelling is dated to 1295 and 1328. [ Both of these references are available at the Laurel site: http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/reaneyintro.html and http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html, and thus do not require photocopies. ]

35 Melisande de Bourges (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Or, a phoenix and on a chief purpure, a quill bendwise sinister Or.

Melisande is a variant of Melisende, a form of Milicent from C. Yonge, 'History of Christian Names' p 330 . It says Melisende was the princess 'who carried the uneasy crown of Jerusalem to the House of Anjou', and cites a Melisent Stafford in the time of Henry II. Note that this source appears in Appendix F, Name Sources to be Avoided in Documentation, in the Administrative Handbook. De Bourges from Dauzat. p 53

Yonge's work is not considered to be acceptable documentation that a name is period.

We find Melissent, Milesent, and Milessent in the 1292 Census of Paris by Colm Dubh (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html#M). We also find Milsenda, Milesindis. Milesendis, Milesenda, Millessent in Morlet's Les Noms de Personne sur le Territoire de L'Ancienne Gaule du VIe au XIIe Siècle. Withycombe, p 220 s.n. Millicent, Melicent has the following dates: Melisent 1201 Melisant 1213 Milicenta 1273 Millisenta 1273 Mylisant 1379. My Britannica (1955 edition), under 'Fulk', p 910, lists Fulk's wife as Melisinda - this is the Queen of Jerusalem mentioned in the submitter's documentation. Fulk was king of Jerusalem from 1131-1143. In addition to Yonge's work saying that Melisande is a modern form, there is a modern opera by the name of "Pelleas et Mélisande (Claude Debussy's only fully complete opera, written 1902), which is usually written 'Pelleas and Melisande' in English. Modern forms of documented names are acceptable for SCA registration.

36 Mickel von Salm - resub device accepted

Argent, on a pale sable a rose barbed and seeded argent within a bordure gules.

Name accepted on East's 2001-01 ILoI, scheduled for the October 2002 meeting. Previous device Argent, on a pale sable a rose barbed and seeded argent. returned from East's 2002-02 ILoI for conflicts: Conflict with Behadon Ravenscloak, 'Argent, upon a pale sable a cross humetty upon an annulet Or' and Lin the Baker, 'Argent, on a pale sable a garb Or. There is only a single CD for multiple changes to the tertiary charges. It is also in conflict with the badge for the Queen of Caid, 'Argent, on a pale azure a rose Or', with a CD for changing the tincture of the pale, but nothing for changing only the tincture of the tertiary charge. Lastly, also conflicts with Erskine, Earl of Mar and Kelly 'Argent, a pale sable' with but 1 CD for addition of the tertiary charge.

Please note that the name was accepted at Laurel as Anne Meckil von Salm in October 2002.

37 Osmond de Berwic - new name accepted & new device returned

Gules, a bear salient Or.

Osmond from Gwynek's 'Given names from 13th Century England'. (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng13/eng13.html) Berwick in Academy of St. Gabriel report #2135 (http://www.s-gabriel,org/2135) from Ekwall, Reaney & Wilson, and Black. Dated in various spellings from 1167 through 1333, the submitted spelling is dated to 1295 and 1328.

Device conflicts with with of Bjorn Karlsson ( December 1987, via the East): Gules, a bear rampant, maintaining two goblets, Or, between three plates. with only one CD for removing the three plates.

The device also conflicts with the following, with a single CD for posture:

With the following with a single CD for the field:

And with the following for a single CD to the number of primary charges:

38 Ruantallan, Barony of - new badge accepted

Per pale azure and argent, a kraken counterchanged.

Name registered 05/88 via the East.

39 Sabatina Da Valle - new name accepted

Sabatina from de Felice's nomi, p 325, 'Sabato(5500) m - Alterati Sabatina (2500)' Da Valle from de Felice's, cognomi, p 257, 'Valle varianti Da Valle'.

40 Sarah bas Mordechai (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Gules, a fleece argent and in chief a spoon fesswise Or.

Both 'Sarah' and 'Mordechai' found, dated in those spellings to 1070-1290, in "Jewish naming conventions in Angevin England" by Eleazar ha-Levi ( http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/jewish.html ). 'bas' means 'daughter of'.

In particular, Sarah is listed as a feminine given name, Mordechai is listed as a masculine given name, and 'bas' is the ashkenazic (European) word for daughter.

41 Seumas Camshronach an Lochabair (M) - new alternate name accepted
Submitted Name: Seumas Mór MacCoinneach

Seumas from Black p 382 & Withycombe p 170-2; both cite it as being of Biblical origin. Mór from MacLennan, Malcom, 'A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language' p 236, 'mór translated as meaning 'of great size, tall and important.' . Also in Black p 502, under MacGillonie shows Alastair Mor Mac a Lonabhidh. Coinneach from Black p 393, 'Kenneth'. Shows various spellings. Also in Withycombe, p 188, under Kenneth.

Name registered July 1994, via An Tir. We have changed the name to match the documentation. The surname may need to be 'mac Coinnaich', Laurel can lenite and separate as apropriate.

42 Sidonia Zaridina - new device accepted

Azure, two swords in saltire surmounted by an open book Or.

Name registered: 2002-Sept Eastern Internal LoI, not yet issued to Laurel. No idea why this is marked as a resub, it appears to be a brand-new submission.

According to the submitting herald, it is not a resub, there was an error on the form.

43 Steinhard Helmschrot (M) - new name accepted

Steinhard from Gentry's translation of Bahlow, p 488. Listed as an 'old personal name' with no date. However, for an idea of what Bahlow considers 'old', Eisengrein and Eisenhardt, both listed as 'old personal names', are dated in variations back to 1150 and 1278 respectively. Helmschrot in same, p 212, dated to 1359.

Helmscrot is dated to 1359 as a surname, giving one Enderlin Helmschrot.

44 Susanna Lockheart (F) - new name accepted

Susanna from Withycombe, p 273-4, sn.n. Susan(nah) gives a Susanna Cur, 1200, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1213. Lockheart from R&W: s.n. Lockhart dates various spellings including Lockard in 1203. Black s.n. Lockhart has Lokheart in 1432 and lokart in 1452. Based on this, we feel the submitted spelling is plausible (indeed, Black dates the submitted form to 1672)

45 Swannoc Walter (F) - new name accepted & new device returned

Sable, a pall inverted dovetailed Or, between two unicorns combatant and three annulets interlaced one and two argent.

Swannoc from Gwynek's 'List of Feminine Personal Names Found in Scottish Records' ( http://www.panix.com/~mittle/names/talan/scottishfem/ ) Bhaltair from Bain's 'Clans and Tartans of Scotland', shows several Walters as Earls of Atholl in the 1300's, and shows Bhaltair as the Gaelic form of Walter.

Submitted as Swannoc nic Bhaltair, none of the commenters could find dated corroborating documentation of Bhaltair as being a period form of the name 'Walter'. The period form of the name is 'Walter' - found under this header on page 800 of Black's Surnames of Scotland, dated in this form to 1376.

Another problem is that 'nic' is modern Gaelic, an entirely different language from Scots. Thankfully we can just drop it to get a period Scots form. As the submitter allows changes, we have done so.

There are also problems with the device, which are unfortunately not fixable. First, the pall is too narrow. Charges are supposed to be "big, bold, and butch" so that they are easily identifiable from a distance. Secondly, the dovetailing is too small. There should be less dovetails, and they should be larger. Each of these problems is sufficient reason for a return by itself.

One commenter mentioned that the three annulets was 'pushing' the closed loop of chain reserved to knights. This is not the case: this motif has been registered to non-knights for years.

46 Symon Fitz Gilbert (M) - new name change accepted & new device change accepted
Current Name: Symon Quixwoode

Gules, a boar's head couped and on a chief Or, three mullets gules.

Symon from Gwynek's 'Yorkshire Masculine Names from 1379' ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/yorkshire/yorkm.html ) fitz documented as 'son of' in de Bracton's 'Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co. England 1182-1272.' ( http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/names.html ) . Gilbert also from Gwynek's article. [ Gwynek's article is also http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/yorkshire.html#yorkm, which does not require photocopies. ]

Symon can be documented in that spelling to the 13th Century in Talan's Men's Given Names from Early 13th Century England (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/eng13/eng13m.html), which shows it appearing in that spelling 13 times in his sources. Gilbert is also in the same source, found 13 times in that spelling.

However, all the examples we can find (Reaney & Wilson, etc) are either "Fitz Name" or "Fitzname", not "fitzName", so we're changing the form to match those exemplars.

His current name is actually Symon Quixwood, and it was registered 04/97 via the East. His current device is "Bendy gules and Or, three oak leaves sable," and it was registered at the same time.

The new device has the boar's head couped, not erased.

47 Thaddeus von Orlamüunde (M) - new name accepted & new device returned

Gyronny vert and argent, a gryphon segreant contourney Or, on a chief vert three crescents Or.

Thadeus from Gwynek's Medieval German Given Names from Silesia. ( http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/bahlow/ ) Submitter would like two 'd's as in his mundane name. Von Orlamünde referred to in Thordeman's 'Armour from the Battle of Wisby'. Page 307 & 314 mention a Count Otto von Orlamüunde who died in 1340. His effigy resides in the Convent Church of Himmelkron, Bavaria . [ Talan's article also appears at http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/bahlow_v.htm which does not require photocopies. ]

We have changed the surname to match the documentation.

Unfortunately, this striking device has a vert chief on a field which is partially vert, which is not allowed due to problems recognizing where the charge ends and the field begins. Change the charge to any color but green or white and it will be legal. Unfortunately, it will also have to be conflict checked again.

48 Wentlian Harper (F) - new name accepted & new device accepted

Per bend argent and vert, a harp and an ivy leaf inverted counterchanged.

Names from 'Y Cammseriad' vol 1 and 4. Issue 1 p 68, Tangwystl's 'Names and Naming Practices in the Merioneth Lay Subsidy Roll 1292-3. Under Gwenllian shows Wentlian as a variant form. Vol 4, in 'Women's Names in the first half of 16th Century Wales', also by Tangwystl, p 85 shows Wenllean, Wenllian, Wenthlian and Wenthlyan as variants of Gwenllian. The article from Vol 4 also shows, p 91, 'Harper' as an occupational byname. Vol 1, p 77 also shows the name 'Telynor', translated as welsh for 'harper'. Vol 1, p89 shows the name pattern [given] [occupational] occurs about 5% of the time in the sample data.

The personal name is also found in "A Simple Guide to Constructing 13th Century Welsh Names" http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/welsh13.html, under Gwenllian, as a woman's name.

49 Wulf Darkstalker - new device returned

Gyronny gules and sable, a lion Or and a wolf argent sejant respectant.

Device violates the Rules for Submission, VIII.2.b.iv: "Elements evenly divided into multiple parts of two different tinctures must have good contrast between their parts" and must therefore be returned because the field is eight parts of two colors.

There is no quick fix for this device. If the submitter wants to keep the basic design, he has to change one of the tinctures of the field to either argent or Or. If that's done, one or the other of the animals must have the tincture changed, because an argent charge can not be distinguished on a field which contains argent, and likewise for Or. The submitter may wish to have one of Gyronny gules and argent, a lion and a wolf sejant sejant respectant Or.; Gyronny gules and Or, a lion and a wolf sejant sejant respectant argent.; or [Field] a lion Or and a wolf argent sejant respectant. where [field] is anything legal except 'sable' or 'Per pale embattled vert and gules', which would produce conflicts.